Montessori education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Montessori education - Essay Example The children also love to work as much as to play. Thus she believed that learning process should be in congruence with the child’s nature. In order to develop this process on must first study the child, and then develop a method of study based on scientific observation of the child. According to her education was not the process of gaining knowledge; it was in fact the process of creating new paths, and realizing potentials. Acquiring knowledge, learning discipline, developing character were goals that were gradually attained in the process. Montessori education has been studied extensively and has proved to be a highly effective method of education followed in schools worldwide. Besides the child’s learning and motor skills marked improvements have been reported in social skills of the child. The characteristics that are most integral to learning process; motivation, interest, peer coordination, strong student teacher relationship, and active participation in learning; are developed as a consequence of Montessori Method of

Elementary School Literature Class Essay Example for Free

Elementary School Literature Class Essay The biography genre allows the reader to learn about the events in the life of a non-fictional character. An example would be the book Rocks in His Head by Carol Hurst. After reading the text, the students may then be required to complete a character biography which would outline personal information about the character, interesting information about him, important dates mentioned in the text, his name, where he lived, and such. a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fable The fable genre introduces things which are given human qualities as characters. Fables often contain moral lessons. An example of a fable would be Aesop’s fable of The Boy Who Cried Wolf. Students may then be asked to fill out a dissection chart wherein they will have to describe scenes corresponding to the different parts of the story, such as conflict, resolution, moral, etc. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fairy Tale Fairy tales are fictional stories which often have magical elements integrated into the story. An example would be Hans Christian Andersen’s Thumbelina. A story map would be one applicable graphic organizer which would require the students to map out the beginning, purpose, conflict, most important moment, and conclusion of the story. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Folktales Folktales are stories which are grounded on the cultural tradition of a particular place. The story of Johnny Appleseed is one popular American folktale. A venn diagram may be used to graphically organize the information learned from the story. d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Historical Fiction Historical fiction is a sub-genre of fiction. It portrays fictional stories of historical figures or events. An example would be the book The Mary Celeste written by Jane Yolen and Heidi Stemple. A time line may be used as a graphic organizer in the case of historical fiction stories. e)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Informational Text or Nonfiction Informational texts are non-fiction texts which give the reader current and accurate information regarding a particular topic. Secrets of a Civil War Submarine by Sally M. Walker talks about the disappearance of the first submarine to sink an enemy ship in the Civil War and is a leading example of an informational text. For this purpose, a map may be accomplished by the student plotting out the problem and solution found in the informational text. KWLs are also popular organizers for informational texts. f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mystery Mystery texts involve the solving of puzzles or crimes by the characters in the text. There are several series which involve mystery plots such as Nancy Drew and Babysitter’s Club. With this genre, charts may be used after the reading of the text requiring students to fill out information regarding the characterization of the hero, the villain, the victim, the crime or problem and the solution. g)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Picture books Picture books provides verbal and visual narratives of the plot and story. Maurice Sendak’s Where the Wild Things Are is a good example of a picture book. The text is quite simple and sparse but the blend with the visual narrative makes for better communication of the author’s intention. A character analysis or a plot diagram may be accomplished by the student after reading a picture book. h)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Poetry Poetry depicts a concept or story through a particular form. A famous children’s literature poet is Shel Silverstein. Some of his more popular works are The Missing Piece Meets the Big O and The Giving Tree. Since poems are more complex than story-telling texts, a plot diagram would be a good graphic organizer for students to accomplish. i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Realistic Fiction Realistic fiction presents fictional characters, plot and settings but depict them in such a way that they could be found in real life. There are many examples of this genre such as Are You There God? It’s Me Margaret by Judy Blume. The challenge is for the author to create a story addressing a concern or issue of the target reader audience. Given the purpose of realistic fiction, a character analysis may be completed by the student along with an analogy for what the student would do if they were in the same situation. 7. Design a literature lesson plan to include the following categories: grade, 2 behavioral objectives (Sunshine State Standards), 2 activities, 1 assessment instrument, and 1 follow-up homework assignment. Include the title of the book and its genre. This is a literature lesson plan for a second grade class. One picture book will be used as class reading material, in this case Maurice Sendak’s Where The Wild Things Are, and several wordless picture books will be provided for the students’ activities. One objective of the lesson is to teach students the various character perspectives that may be employed in telling a story and to have the students apply this learning in the activities. Another objective is to have the students exercise and display their creative talents, particularly their writing skills through the creation of their own story. At the beginning of the lesson the picture book will be read to the students. After the reading of the text, the students will be asked to complete a character diagram for each of the main characters involved in the text. They will be asked to map out the descriptions of the characters as well as the activities which the character actually engaged in throughout the story. This will not only allow the instructor to assess the students’ understanding of the story but it will allow for a better platform for discussing how character perspectives can be used in telling a story. The students will thus be asked to engage in an activity of shifting the character perspectives in the book so that the narrative is told from a first, second or third person perspective. This will be done by focusing on particular scenes in the picture book used for storytelling. Having in mind their description of the characters, the students will be asked to change the text corresponding to the scene pinpointed so that it would be in first, second or third person perspective. Further application of the lesson will be engaged in by having the students break off into groups. Each group is to take a wordless picture book. They will then be asked to draw a piece of paper from a hat. The strip of paper will indicate in what perspective the text of the narrative should be told. The students will then be asked to write a simple narrative for the wordless picture book. One line narrations for each picture would be deemed sufficient. The students would be informed that although creativity in formulating the text would be incentivized, what is more important is the proper use of the perspective as well as the grammatical correctness of the work. At the end of the class the students will submit the completed story. Before dismissal, the instructor will make copies of the students’ stories. The stories of the different groups will be switched so that each student is left with a copy of a story completed by another group. As an assignment, the students will be asked to shift the perspective of the story assigned to them. They are informed that they may vary the manner in which the story was told as long as they maintain the same framework for the narrative and as long as they are able to use a perspective other than that which was used.

History And Organisational Examination Of Nestle Corporation

History And Organisational Examination Of Nestle Corporation Nestle is a multinational company with its worldwide operations in over 84 countries. Nestle is the worlds largest food company with its international headquarters at Vevey, Switzerland. Nestle has almost 500 factories world wide out of which 220 are located in Europe, 150 in America and 130 in Africa, Asia and Oceania. It employs almost 2,30,000 people.   Founder of Nestle was German born Henry Nestle who was living in a small town of Switzerland named Vevey. From a modest beginning he founded the company in 1866 at Switzerland for manufacturing milk powders for babies. Necessity is mother of invention is applicable in the  Ã‚   invention of a special food product Farine Lactee made from Cereals milk to saved the lives of many infants because, at that time Switzerland faced one of the highest infant mortality rate the milk formula act as nectar that saved the lives of many infants whose mothers were un-able to breast feed successfully. Since than Company have always looked forward and have achieved set targets goals.   At present Nestle is the worlds largest food company, with its international head quarters at Vevey, in Switzerland. Nestlà © is often quoted by most as Multinational of Multinationals. There is a good reason, as less than 2% of the turnover comes from domestic market in Switzerland.   Nestlà ©Ã‚  is very much decentralized in its operations most of the markets are given considerable autonomy in its operation. It is more of a people products oriented company rather than systems oriented company. There are unwritten guidelines which are to be followed, based on common senses a strong set of moral principals emphasizing a lot of respect for fellow beings. Nestle has always adapted to the local conditions and at the same time integrates its Swiss heritage. It has always taken a long-term view in the countries in which it operates. Therefore, one can see a lot of investment RD and risk taken in new product areas. There is a great emphasis placed on training by the company. It believes in rewarding and promoting people from within. Today its product brand name Nestle is associated with quality products in worldwide consumer markets. The Nest  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Henry Nestle introduced the first commercial infant formula in 1867, he also created a symbol of the Birds Nest, graphic translation of his name, which personifies the companys business. The symbol, which is universally understood, evokes security, motherhood and affection, nature and nourishment, family and tradition. Today it is the central element of Nestlà ©s corporate identity and closely parallels the companys corporate values and culture. Main point Worlds leading nutrition, health and wellness company. Founded in 1866 in Vevey, Switzerland. It has around 280,000 employees all over the world. It owns 450 factories in 84 countries. Product categories include Soluble Coffee, Infant Nutrition, Bottled Water, Condensed and Evaporated milk, Ice Cream, Chocolate and Malt drinks. VISION Nestlà ©s aim is to meet the various needs of the consumer everyday by marketing and selling foods of a consistently high quality. MISSION We strive to bring consumers foods that are safe, of high quality and provide optimal nutrient to meet physiological needs. Nestle helps provide selections for all individual taste and lifestyle preferences HR at NESTLE NESTLES SPIRIT Making Big Investments in People Believes in building Leaders of Tomorrow CORE VALUE A prerequisite for dealing with people is respect and trust. Transparency and honesty in dealing with people are necessary for efficient communication. This is complemented by open dialogue with the purpose of sharing competencies and boosting creativity. To communicate is not only to inform; it is also to listen and to engage in dialogue. The willingness to cooperate, to help others and to learn is a required basis for advancement and promotion within the company. Human Resource Policies Designed in alignment to the Business Objectives. Incorporates practices like Job Enlargement as well as Job Enrichment. It follows mainly three different policies:- Nestle management leadership principles Nestle human resources policy Nestle people development review Nestlà ©s Culture Commitment to a strong work ethic, integrity, honesty and quality. Personal relations based on trust and mutual respect.. A personalized and direct way of dealing with each other. Openness and curiosity for dynamic and future trends in technology, changes in consumer habits, new business ideas and opportunities, while maintaining respect for basic human values, attitudes and behavior. HR Practices Recruitment Training Performance Management Rewards and Incentives Employee Relations Change Management Training Literacy training- to upgrades essential literacy skills, especially for workers who operate new equipment Local Training Programs- on issues ranging from technical, leadership, and communication and business economics. Performance Management Transparent performance appraisal system It has the following characteristics:- Recruitment Formal assessment by Line Managers and HR once in a year with feedback. Subordinate can question an unfair evaluation. Specific Key Performance Indicators have been enlisted by the HR department. Key performance indicator:-Achievement following the Nestle management and leadership principles. Remuneration structure and promotion criteria take into account individual performance. People with realism, hard work, honesty and trustworthiness are looked for. Match between candidates values companys culture are recruited. Recruitment for management levels take place in the head office by top management and all others at the branch level. The existing employees are promoted to higher posts as per the requirements. There are no lateral recruitments. Another source of recruitment is campus placements and human resource consultancies to look for the enthusiastic, motivated and fresh pool of talent. Decision to hire a candidate is finally taken by HR professionals only and no preference is given to external consultant. This is done to finally have the discretion power in the hands of Company. Employee Relation Employee turnover is less than 5%., which is considered to be very low for a multinational corporation. Nestle has an open culture upward communication especially in case of grievance redressal is encouraged. Work/Life balance is given importance, as illustrated in the Nestle Human Resource Policy document. Nestle Family annual events are organized by their HR department whereby employees along with their families are invited. Emphasis is laid on safety of employees REWARDS INCENTIVES Passion to Win Awards Long-service Awards Nestle Idea Award Talent Management:- To develop the framework and processes which will enable the company to identify and develop the potential of employees at Nestle.   Learning and development:- Continuous Improvement Creativity and Innovation Changing Role of HR Motivate and to develop people. Develop open-mindedness as well as a high level of interest in other cultures and life-styles. create a climate of innovation HR professionals should be able to inculcate the willingness to accept change and the ability to manage it. International experience and understanding of other cultures will prepare the employees to face the challenges in global markets. The aim of the Human Resources Strategy is to support staff. This it will do by developing and promoting good HR practice for the recruitment and development of high quality staff, by effectively managing their performance and by providing appropriate rewards and flexible opportunities that allow individuals to manage their own development. Core Functions of International Human Resources In Nestle Recruitment Selection Process Expatriates Performance Appraisal Training and Development Compensation Sources of Recruitment There are many different types of interviews. Once you are selected for an interview, you may experience one or more of the situations described below. When you schedule an interview, try to get as much information about whom you will be meeting. It is rare to have only one interview prior to a job offer. Most employers will bring back a candidate a number of times to be sure a potential employee will fit into the company culture. MODERN TECHNIQUES AND SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT FOR GLOBAL COMPANIES LIKE NESTLE 1) Walk-In -: The busy global organizations and the rapid changing companies do not find time to perform various functions of recruitment. Therefore they advise the candidates to attend for an interview directly and without a prior application on a specified date, time and at a specified place. 2) Consult-In -: The busy and dynamic global companies encourage the potential job seekers to approach them personally and consult them regarding the jobs. The international companies select the suitable candidates from among such candidates though the selection process. 3) Head-Hunting -: The global companies request the professional organizations to search for the best candidates particularly for the senior executive positions. The professional organizations search for the most suitable candidates and advice the global company regarding the filling up of the positions. 4) Body-Shopping -: Professional organizations and the hi-tech training institutes develop the pool of human resources for possible employment. The prospective employers contact these organizations to recruit the candidates. The body shoppers appoint people for their organization and provide the required/specific employees to various organizations on request. In fact, body shoppers collect fee/commission from the organizations and pay the salary/benefits to the employees. 5) Business Alliance -: It is like acquisitions, mergers, and takeovers help in getting human resources. In addition, the companies do also have alliances in sharing their human resources on ad-hoc basis. 6) Tele-Recruitment -: The technological revolutions in telecommunication helped the organizations to use internet as source of recruitment. Organizations advertise the job vacancies though the World Wide Web internet. The job seekers send their application though e-mails or internet websites. CASE STUDY ON NESTLE: UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES Nestle was one of the biggest purchasers of cocoa from the Ivory Coast, a country in West Africa. Most of the worlds cocoa production came from farms and plantations located in Ivory Coast. Studies conducted by some of the major welfare organizations in the world like the International Labor Organization, UNICEF and other independent agencies revealed that the workers on these plantations lived and worked in poor conditions. They were paid minimal wages and exploited by the land-owners. Most of the workers had been trafficked i.e. bought and sold, making them practically slave labor. Nestle purchased cocoa from these farms despite its awareness of the conditions of the laborers, thus becoming it a party to their exploitation. Child labor was also employed on the plantations. UNICEF studies revealed that over 200,000 children were shipped to Ivory Coast and other cocoa producing countries in Western Africa from neighboring countries like Mali and Burkina Faso, to work on the plantations, especially during the harvesting of cocoa or coffee beans. The children were sometimes as young as nine years and could not escape from the plantations to return to their homes. A report released by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) also confirmed that child labor was used extensively on plantations in Africa, from where Nestle sourced most of its cocoa. The report which surveyed 1,500 farms in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, and Cameroon found that more than 200,000 children worked in hazardous conditions using machetes and spraying pesticides and insecticides without the necessary protective equipment. The labor was usually supplied to the plantations by labor broker, totally unrelated to the laborer. The workers actually received only a very small proportion of the price paid for the Nestle product by the final consumer. Nestle was aware of the exploitative labor practices used by its suppliers and was also in a position to pressurize them to change, as it was a major buyer. Besides the report of several credible organizations, public interest groups also sent several petitions and representations to Nestle to stop buying bonded labor-tainted cocoa. However, the company chose to ignore these petitions, and continued its purchases of cocoa from these suppliers. Nestle was also involved in union busting in some countries. For instance, when a group of 13 workers, working in a sub-contracting facility of Nestle in Thailand, organized themselves to form a union, Nestle immediately cut the number of orders to that company and asked the company to put the unionized workers on indefinite leave with half pay. The workers were forced to quit, because of their lowered pay. In doing so, Nestle had clearly denied there workers their right to organize themselves to better their interests. Companies like Nestle made a public show of their support to social causes, in order to divert attention from their irresponsible behavior elsewhere. Nestle set up the Nestle Trust to support social issues relating the children and aged. However, some people believed the company was using these social causes for pure promotional purposes Nestle has well laid out charters to govern their social responsibility and behavior, but more often than not, these are only on paper. STRATEGIC HRM VERSUS CONVENTIONAL HRM Traditional HRM Strategic HRM Responsibility of HRM Staff specialists Line managers Focus Employee relations Partnerships with internal and external customers Role of HR Transactional, change follower, and respondent Initiatives Slow, reactive, fragmented Fast, proactive, integrated Time horizon Short term Short, medium, long (as necessary) Control Bureaucratic-roles, policies, procedures Organic-flexible, whatever is necessary to succeed Job Design Tight division of labor, independence, specialization Broad, flexible, whatever is necessary to succeed Key Investment Capital, products People, knowledge Accountability Cost center Investment center

The Rise of the Norman Empire Essay example -- Scandinavian history, Ki

â€Å"Hold the wall!† shouted King Harold II as the Normans began to work their way past the Anglo-Saxon shield wall. The Anglo-Saxon empire reigned over London for its fair share of time before William the Duke of Normandy decided to take it from them. William was the son of Robert I and his wife was Matilda of Flanders. William was of Viking origin and he spoke French. King Harold II was ruler of London after King Harold I died. King Harold II was the last Anglo-Saxon King of England. In the year 1066 a great battle took place that would change the way London lived forever. This battle was called The Battle of Hastings. The battle of Hastings was a very interesting battle, the outcome was not as expected. The Anglo-Saxon people had a very tough defense known as the Saxon Shield wall. This wall was nearly impenetrable because the soldiers would line up and create a wall of shields that made it impossible to break through. The Norman Soldiers also had a major field disadvantage. The area on which they fought was called Senlac Hill. Senlac Hill had a large slope and at the top were the positioned Anglo-Saxon Soldiers. The Normans were at the bottom of the hill and had enough trouble as it is getting up that hill with their heavy chain mail armor, even without the fact that King Harold’s men were at the top pushing them down. At the beginning of the battle William’s forces summed up to about 7,000 and King Harold’s forces numbered to about 6,000. Even though William had the playing field disadvantage he had a few things that King Harold did not. William had cavalry and a much fresher army. When the Battle of Hastings took place King Harold’s men had been marching for days and were very tired, at times they marched all day long to cover... ...nd changed England forever. Many changes were brought from William the Conqueror and the Battle of Hastings can be linked to things that happen in England's history as well. Works Cited "The Battle of Hastings." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. Barrow, Mandy. "Battle of Hastings." What Happened at the ? Woodlands Junior School, n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. Trueman, Chris. "Battle of Hastings 1066." Battle of Hastings 1066. History Learning Site, n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. "Battle of Hastings." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. James. "The Bayeux Tapestry: Facts and Information." Interesting Information for Kids, Pupils, Parents and Teachers. Primary Facts, 1 Mar. 2013. Web. 01 May 2014 "Battle of Hastings." Battle of Hastings. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 May 2014. "Welcome." Battle of Hastings. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 May 2014

Psychology and Theology Essay

1. My personal experience involves a combination of secular and religious study in the area of counseling.   This experience and education has led to a conclusion that although there are a number of opposing factors in the beliefs and theories used in both, the two are neither completely oppositional to each other nor mutually exclusive.   In many ways the views and methods of both can be combined to make a very effective counseling technique and a well rounded counselor (McMinn, 1996). Secular counseling has numerous theories on how people learn and that the ways they learn affect the methods needed to modify negative behaviors.   These techniques can work to some degree, such as offering a dollar for getting an A on a paper.   Children then become more motivated to get A’s.   These techniques often fail to create long term results however, as people often get tired and the excitement of the reward fades.   They then go back to old ways.   When the eternal rewards of spiritual counseling are added, however, the motivation for long term behavior change becomes much more long term. The two methods of counseling differ most greatly in life’s focus.   Secular counseling teaches that a strong sense of self will solve all problems, where as religious counseling teaches to focus everything around God and the problems will diminish (Kajer, 2006).   These can however be combined with the focus on God, while still encouraging the person to forgive himself and be comfortable with himself as the person God created.   This keeps the focus where it belongs while helping the person recognize himself as a creation from God. I have learned to find a combination of these views by realizing why secular counseling often fails, and realizing that although a person needs to be humble he still needs to respect what is God’s creation and take care of it. 2. All human beings have sinned, but not all of psychology is sinful or thinking  about humans as sinful.   Psychology is about the study of human behavior and because much of human behavior especially that requiring counseling is sinful, there is a degree of sin involved.   This does not make psychology sinful.   There are many psychologists and secular counselors with spiritual views and backgrounds.   Most of them are bound by legalities and job guidelines to keep the spiritual aspect of counseling out of the job, but not only because they are sinful humans or because they are thinking about sinful humans. Many of the theorists in psychology have developed theories that contradict many Biblical teachings, the most notable one being self actualization.   In this theory, the person’s main goal is to reach the perfect self at which time he has reached the ultimate existence. This additionally is based on the theory that human beings are inherently good and not evil and can naturally distinguish between right and wrong (Management, 2005). Obviously this kind of thinking is sinful as spiritual people are supposed to strive to be closer to God and to live according to his will in order to reach the ultimate existence. If a counselor can balance the basic idea of psychology (the study of human behavior) and the theological values, there is no reason psychology should be considered a sinful study or practice.   It does focus on the behavior of humans and how to change deviant behavior to make it more positive.   It is based on discovering how people learn and then taking that knowledge to help modify behavior.   It only becomes a sinful practice when those studying or teaching it contradict God’s teachings. 3. My goal as a counselor should be to help minimize the pain and negative  effects of suffering and to help prevent as many future problems as possible.   In order for a counselor to continue to function and perform the job successfully, it is important to remember and understand that there is no way to prevent every cause of pain and heal all suffering.   There is no way to completely take away the pain a child feels after losing a parent or prevent an accident from happening.   It would not be realistic for any counselor to think it is possible or even ideal to keep all pain from happening. People are allowed to suffer disappointments, set backs and losses in order for them to learn from them (Gress, 2007).   If   everything worked out exactly as people wanted them to and there were never any disappointments the world would be filled with a bunch of spoiled adults, who were unable to appreciate anything. Counselors who go into the profession with the belief they can solve every problem and make everyone’s pain completely go away are setting themselves up for failure and disappointment, because they are expecting to accomplish the impossible.   Those who set the realistic goals of providing comfort, minimizing grieving, speeding emotional healing, and modifying behavior when needed are the counselors most likely to stay in the field long term.   The ones who hope to solve everyone’s problems have a tendency to take the problems upon themselves and â€Å"burn out† relatively soon.   Counselors need to focus on the most significant problem for each person and work on one thing at a time. 4. The subject of a healthy sense of self is one major difference between  psychology and theology.   Both views involve people who are happy, and focused on a goal, but the views differ greatly in the center of the focus. Many psychological theories focus on making people feel good about themselves and then everything else in the world will fall into place.   In this case a healthy sense of self is essentially a â€Å"puffed up self†, or a person who thinks of himself as the most important person in the world and can do no wrong.   This involves making the person become the center of his Universe. The Biblical view of a healthy sense of self places God in the proper place as the center of man’s universe and when the focus is on God, everything else falls into place.   This requires the person to learn humility and to give God his proper credit for the role he plays in a person’s life.   The view here is that when a person is focused on living life for God, he will be happy and comforted in the knowledge that he is putting forth his best effort for God. A person with a true healthy sense of self would be a person who values himself as a creation of God and a worker for him.   This is a person who knows his place in the world, yet places the focus of the world on God.   As the person strives to be more like God, he appreciates what God has provided him and uses the talents God has given him.   This person is happy and well adjusted to the world around him.   He knows his talents and his mission and uses them to grow closer to God. This description of a healthy sense of self tends to lean more towards the Biblical view, but does place value on the person and God’s creation and teaches the person to have respect for himself.   This is consistent with God’s teaching that the body is his temple and that people need to care for their bodies and respect them. 5. Scripture can provide answers to essentially any problem that is faced by  people.   Verses that say â€Å"through God all things are possible† or â€Å"I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me† (NIV) provide people with the knowledge that they do not have to face problems alone and that there is hope.  Ã‚   When a counselor is allowed to use scripture and the hope it provides, the counselor has a great deal more comforting hope to provide the person who is suffering. The instruction and guidance provided by scripture can provide the counselor with a great deal of information and guidance to help the counselee though most of life’s situations.   It additionally provides more appropriate alternatives to deviant behavior and provides people with ways to resist the temptation of falling back into old unhealthy habits.   In more extreme cases the Bible can show examples of what has happened to people who could not change behavior or are unable to turn problems over to God. In addition to providing the counselor with the most powerful tool available, it can provide a source of comfort and hope for the counselor as well.   When a counselor begins to feel overwhelmed or helpless, the same verses that provide comfort to the counselees facing crisis can provide renewed strength and hope for the counselor. Scripture provides the hope, answers, and promises to help people overcome the greatest obstacles, but they need to follow the directions and examples the Bible provides. 6. Most secular counseling jobs do not allow counselors to use scripture or express their personal religious beliefs to counselees.   The purpose of this is to avoid pressuring people into complying with beliefs that go against their religious beliefs.   In the United States people do have the right of religious freedom.   The rights of others have to be respected by the counselor.   Using prayer in these settings could cause the counselor to lose his job, or the counselee could lose respect for the professionalism of the counselor. Religious counselors have more freedom in this area due to the fact that they are counseling in a spiritual based setting.   When people seek the help of these counselors, they know they are going to a person who uses the Bible as a reference and a basis for the counseling.   Payer is more accepted and sometimes expected in these counseling settings and can be very helpful with counselees who need the hope and guidance of God (Goliath, 2007). A counselor with a new counselee should ask the person if they would like to pray,   this provides the counselee the option of being prayed for if they would like it.   For those who do not feel comfortable with prayer or would not take the prayer seriously additionally have the option of passing on it. The counselor can pray for those who choose against prayer when the session is over.   During the private times of prayer the counselor can ask for guidance to help the person not only overcome the crisis, but to grow more comfortable with prayer and asking God for his help.   Everyone needs prayer, but if a person prefers private prayer or has different beliefs than the counselor, it can either cause the counselee to not return or can cause a setback in the counseling process.   Counselees need to feel comfortable during counseling sessions in order for progress to be made. 6. Sin is often the source of the problems for which people seek counseling.   In  order for the situation to be resolved and the person to get past it, the sin has to at some point be confronted.   The problem is how a counselor should go about confronting the sin.   If the sin is confronted before the counselee is willing to admit that sin is the cause of the problem, there is a chance he will leave and the problem will not get resolved.   If the counselor however spends too much time making the counselee comfortable and avoiding the issue, the sin will not be likely to be confronted and the situation still stands the chance of not getting resolved. In the very first session, the counselor needs to get a back ground of why the counselee has either sought or been referred for counseling.   One of the best ways to do this is to ask him.   Along with this is a good time to ask if there was any sin involved that needs to be forgiven.   If he is able to state the sin and talk about it then the sin should be confronted and resolved very early in the counseling.   Then healing can begin quickly. If the person denies sin as playing a part in the situation, then the instigating situation needs to be discussed in greater detail and possible reasons behind that including sin pointed out.   Once the person is able to understand there is sin in his life, then is the best time to talk about ways to have the sins forgiven both by God and anyone who was sinned against. The best way to confront sin is to ask questions and to provide guidance as  needed.   Direct confrontation often leads people to be offended and shut down, but  questions can lead them to discover the problem on their own.   Although it is never easy to confront someone on sin, a counselor or church leader must do it in order to help those in need overcome the sin (Adams, 1980)

Dont Be Fooled By The Wording Professor Ramos Blog

Dont Be Fooled By The Wording In the state of California, taxes are highest in the nation to compensate for its huge number of roads and infrastructure. California also has the highest income tax in the country, which is becoming an uprising issue. But before we get into taxes, let’s talk about the state itself. California is the most populous state with the largest economy of $2.8 trillion in the United States and the fifth largest economy in the world. Agriculture, science, technology, tourism, and trade are the major sectors which fuel California’s progress. The most familiar cities in California, Los Angeles, and San Francisco area are the nations second and fifth-most populous urban regions with 18.7 million and 8.8 million residents respectively, according to Wikipedia. Long Beach, Oakland, and Los Angeles ports are three of the top five busiest ports in the country. California is also considered a deep blue Democratic state and is one of the big three democratic states in presidential electio ns alongside New York and Illinois. Furthermore, the main focus of taxes, is too generate funding for California’s poor infrastructure. In order to do so, California Governor Jerry Brown and California state legislation introduced Bill 1. In 2017, California State Legislature passed Road Repair and Accountability Act (RRAA). The bill placed a 12 cents per gallon on gasoline and 20 cents per gallon increase tax on diesel fuel. California drivers pay $3.05 per gallon for gas vs $2.26 of other states. The car registration fee increased between $25 to $175, depending on the model of the vehicle. This bill is designed to invest $5.4 billion into California transportation infrastructure. The bill also gives power to the state legislature to increase the tax in the future without a public vote. The tax on gasoline could rise to 19 cents per gallon by 2019. Some Californians are unhappy with this bill because of increasing taxes, it also increases the cost of living as diesel fuel hike impacts grocery distribution to d ifferent areas of the state. Moreover, this bill was designed due to the fact that California’s roads and bridges are in poor condition and received a â€Å"D† grade by American Society of Civil Engineers. Twenty-three states including both blue and red states have increased their gas taxes in order to pay for their increasing transportation cost. The tax bill will cost average California driver $117 per year. It is important to note that more cars are becoming electric or hybrid since 1994 to reduce gasoline consumption which has hampered California’s public project. However, in 2018 November ballot Proposition 6 was created by the Republican party, to repeal this 2017 tax bill and reduce gas taxes on residents. The backers of Proposition 6 collected enough signatures of registered California voters to qualify it as a ballot measure. Chairman for Yes on Prop 6, Carl Demaio argued that gas tax is costing families an average of $750 to $800 a year. Another prominent Republican, Harmeet Dhillo n strongly favors Prop 6 initiative to reduce tax on middle class, he is also against the outmoded and over budget ‘bullet train’ fantasy of Governor Brown. Prop 6 soon became a political tug of war between California political parties to impose their views on voters in election day with the final aim to win the house of representative majority seats. Republican candidate for governor, John Cox was quick to promote yes on prop 6 to gather votes from the conservative base. John Cox Stated â€Å"repairs and improvements to California’s transportation infrastructure could be funded through improving efficiencies at Caltran.† On the other hand, Gavin Newsom, the Democratic governor candidate said Cox’s plan would damage transportation system which is already deficient. Newsome also called Cox’s plan to increase Caltran efficiencies â€Å"illusory†. Major opponents of Prop 6 also included Governor Jerry Brown, and former LA mayor Eric Garcetti both from the Democratic party. It is important to re-emphasize the wording of prop 6 which causes confusion for many voters, Yes on prop 6 would repeal 2017 tax increase and more importantly would prevent the future tax hike on gas and vehicle registration without a public vote. In contrast a No vote will leave 2017 gas tax intact and allows the future increase in the hands of California assembly members without voters approval. De maio a prop 6 supporter blamed â€Å"false and misleading ballot title† that saw created by Attorney General Xavier Becerra for the downfall of measure. The Prop 6 title says â€Å"Eliminates Recently Enacted Road Repair and Transportation Funding† but does not mention it repeals a gasoline tax. Republicans admit this measure was drafted to increase voter turnout, which has been a problem lately. On Nov 6, 2018, Prop 6 was rejected by California voters, a major victory for Democrats and a blow to Republican Conservative voters. The final election results were 43% yes to 57% No. Democrats and union leaders agree that $5 billion a year incline from taxes are vital to upgrade crumbling roads and bridges. â€Å"California voters were not fooled,† Said Brian Rice, president of California Professional fighters. Furthermore, the idea of state legislatures ability to increase taxes in future without voter approval is very bothersome. Gas tax could increase again in a few years which will be devastating to average families. This action is totally against the fundamentals of democracy and leaves the fate if the state in the hands of Governor few state legislatures in Sacramento. Approximate 7 to 8 hundred dollars of saving which was created by Republicans (one to two hundred by Democrats) can be reinvested into the economy with snowball effect to improve living conditions, for example, lower grocery products and public transportation. Overall I think California residents are overtaxed. Instead of attracting wealthy individuals and companies, heavy tax system and the high cost of living is moving individuals out-of-state. As a college student, my commute to school will be influenced by higher gas costs and car registration, but I am sure middle-class families will all be hampered as well. Before gas tax hike California had the fifth highest gas tax in the nation, in combination with the nations highest income and sales tax was simple to visualize the great resident outflow. Obviously, we must correct the condition of our transportation system but I believe there are other more reasonable and productive ways to achieve this goal. First of all the working families should be protected from unnecessary taxes and expense while working taxpayer population must increase by taking people out of welfare. 34% of the nation’s welfare recipients live in California which consists of 12% of us population. Addition of a couple of million workers to the workplace will take the pressure off the middle-class work engine of the economy. Many social programs in California provide care to needy individuals such as Medical, Calfresh, and Calworks, which must be protected but must work more efficiently to provide care only to needy individuals and not the general public. Prop 6 proponents estimate $5 billion income from the gas tax increase, but California paid $103 billion in welfare in 2017! This brings us to the conclusion of this report which analyzed the impact of adding a new gas tax on the economy in the great state of California. Prop 6 is not the simplest initiative to understand on the ballot but it carries a huge burden on everyday working people of California. I believe conservatives had the right idea, but because of the unpopularity of the Republican party and in particular president trump the measure did not get public approval. Also, wording on the ballot implicated raising taxes by saying â€Å"Yes† was confusing to me as a college student. Majority of the public perceived â€Å"No† as no new taxes. My position is no new taxes while maintaining an efficient compassionate place to live. We must look back at our history and examine what prompted California to be the golden state, a business-friendly environment with leading numbers in economy and population. WORKS CITED: Wikipedia, â€Å"California Proposition 6† https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_California_Proposition_6 The San Francisco Chronicle, Oct 16, 2018 â€Å"Vote No On Prop 6- Funding Needed For California Road and Transit† https://www.sfchronicle.com/elections/ Schuner, Dan. The Sacramento Bee, Sept 24, 2018 â€Å"Voters want a gas tax repeal. Many California leaders call it a horrible idea† https://www.sacbee.com/latest-news/article218823065.html KQED News, â€Å"Governor Debate† Oct 8, 2018 https://www.kqed.org/science/1932470/fact-checking-california-governors-debate-on-kqed-climate-and-energy San Diego Union Tribune, July 28, 2012 https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/politics/sdut-welfare-capital-of-the-us-2012jul28-htmlstory.html Langlois, Shawn, Market Watch, Nov 28th, 2017. https://www.marketwatch.com/story/no-other-state-comes-close-to-california-when-it-comes-to-welfare-spending-2017-11-28 Wood, Robert, July 16th, 2018, Forbes, â€Å"Millionaires Leaving California Over Taxes Is Nothing New†https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertwood/2018/07/16/millionaires-leaving-california-over-taxes-is-nothing-new/

What Is the Power Set

What Is the Power Set One question in set theory is whether a set is a subset of another set. A subset of A is a set which is formed by using some of the elements from the set A. In order for B to be a subset of A, every element of B must also be an element of A. Every set has several subsets. Sometimes it is desirable to know all of the subsets that are possible. A construction known as the power set helps in this endeavor. The power set of the set A is a set with elements that are also sets. This power set formed by including all of the subsets of a given set A. Example 1 We will consider two examples of power sets. For the first, if we begin with the set A {1, 2, 3}, then what is the power set? We continue by listing all of the subsets of A. The empty set is a subset of A. Indeed the empty set is a subset of every set. This is the only subset with no elements of A.The sets {1}, {2}, {3} are the only subsets of A with one element.The sets {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3} are the only subsets of A with two elements.Every set is a subset of itself. Thus A {1, 2, 3} is a subset of A. This is the only subset with three elements. A A A Example 2 For the second example, we will consider the power set of B {1, 2, 3, 4}. Much of what we said above is similar, if not identical now: The empty set and B are both subsets.Since there are four elements of B, there are four subsets with one element: {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}.Since every subset of three elements can be formed by eliminating one element from B and there are four elements, there are four such subsets: {1, 2, 3}, {1, 2, 4}, {1, 3, 4}, {2, 3, 4}.It remains to determine the subsets with two elements. We are forming a subset of two elements chosen from a set of 4. This is a combination and there are C (4, 2 ) 6 of these combinations. The subsets are: {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {1, 4}, {2, 3}, {2, 4}, {3, 4}. B B Notation There are two ways that the power set of a set A is denoted. One way to denote this is use the symbol P( A), where sometimes this letter P is written with a stylized script. Another notation for the power set of A is 2A. This notation is used to connect the power set to the number of elements in the power set. Size of the Power Set We will examine this notation further. If A is a finite set with n elements, then its power set P( A ) will have 2n elements. If we are working with an infinite set, then it is not helpful to think of 2n elements. However, a theorem of Cantor tells us that the cardinality of a set and its power set cannot be the same. It was an open question in mathematics whether the cardinality of the power set of a countably infinite set matches the cardinality of the reals. The resolution of this question is quite technical, but says that we may choose to make this identification of cardinalities or not. Both lead to a consistent mathematical theory. Power Sets in Probability The subject of probability is based upon set theory. Instead of referring to universal sets and subsets, we instead talk about sample spaces and events. Sometimes when working with a sample space, we wish to determine the events of that sample space. The power set of the sample space that we have will give us all possible events.

Social Media Versus Cyber Bullying Essays - Human Behavior, Abuse

Social Media Versus Cyber Bullying Essays - Human Behavior, Abuse Social Media Versus Cyber Bullying It seems that social media is here to stay, and to say that it isnt, is almost taboo to most people. Social media is big part of our daily lives, we use it to sign up for games, talk to people far away, and even to meet new people. This is can be a wonderful thing if used for the right reasons. Sadly people do not always do things for the right reasons, they can become a different person online because they feel safe behind the keyboard they are typing on. With all the hundreds of social media websites you can be apart of, you never are able to know someone for who they truly are. According to Hayeon Song, who is an assistant professor of communication at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Facebook is one major way people have social interaction, then studied people and found that the feeling of loneliness made people want to get on facebook and not that facebook made people lonely. Song decided to focus on Facebook for his study for the simple fact that it accounts for fiftyfour percent of time spent on the internet globally and it accounts for sixtytwo percent of time in the united states. One of the biggest concerns is if all this time spent connected is good or bad when we have really decided on if internet usage is psychologically beneficial or not.Song asks Does spending so many hours with a machine keep people from making real connections with other people? Or, does it allow people who are shy or socially awkward a chance to connect with others in a way that's more comfortable for them than face-to-face communication? Though it is widely known t hat people with anxiety have benefited from talking from a comfortable setting to people they do not know well, it is still believed that face-to-face interaction has changed significantly. According to Lori Ann Wagner humans are social creatures that desire that social connection, and with the introduction of social media that helps to make it easier to get that connection people desire, but she is concerned that your phone may be too Smart and can provide to much of a distraction from what's going on in the real world. She feels that a phone can keep you from experiencing what's going on around you, but knows that your phone can tell you what you are missing. So encourages you to keep using your smartphone, but also wants you to see the world and the people in it. When it comes to online interaction with people you have never met, you can not distinguish what is real and not real. While online you can become whoever you want to be, you want to be a brain surgeon? Nothing is stopping you from telling people that. While online people can change and become bullies, this is known as cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is harassing someone online for any reason, making malicious posts about people, sharing private pictures, and even sending them hurtful messages. This has become a really big issue in our society due to the fact that so many people are connected online. Cyber bullying effects mostly any child, preteen, and teenagers who have access to social media, testing, and emails. It is the cyber version of bullying on the playground, except on the playground the bigger kid is the bully, whereas online a small kid can bully the bigger kids.According to Joy Peluchette, cyber bullying is common place and has become a severe issue in china, and due to this the suicide rate in young teens has increased significantly. She has even referred to this as an epidemic. Cyberbullying is often motivated by anger and or hate towards someone else, or even just for laughs, sometimes it just makes them feel better about themselves because they have power over someone else. These kids that bully others online may be the ones who get bullied at school or even mistreated at home so when they get on the computer they feel safe and powerful behind the safety of their keyboards. This is terribly disheartening because no kid deserves to be bullied or to be made

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Criminal Justice - Essay Example These children lack access to basic resources such as adequate food, basic health care, safe shelter and sufficient education to make them economically independent adults. Also children whose parents engage in crime and those who are neglected or constantly abused tend to become delinquents in comparison to other children. Another issue is youth violence. The widespread fear of crime in urban areas comes as a result of juvenile violence. Statistics show that between the period of 2005 to 2010 victimization rate, arrest rate, murder rates and homicides committed by juveniles between the ages of 15 to 16 shot up by more than 100 percent (Larry, 2006). The cause for this is increased involvement of youth especially African Americans in drugs trade. Since they cannot solicit for police protection, the youths acquire guns for protecting themselves and their valuable merchandise. The youth network through schools saw a proliferation of guns throughout a majority of youth community. Other than acquiring a gun for self defense, this habit also became a symbol of status. Finally, the issue of deterrence as mitigation to the fore stated problems is of paramount importance to CJA. Though deterrence works effectively among citizens with responsibilities, it is insufficient in instilling discipline in the impulsive, unsocialized and senselessly destructive people. The issues can be ranked in order of importance for a number of reasons, i.e. Deterrence, juvenile delinquency and youth violence. If administrators and public policy makers were to take the step of bringing parents into accountability then juvenile delinquency and youth violence would issues of secondary importance to CJA system (David, 2006). Apparently incompetent, rejecting parents who do not supervise their children and those who are abusive are to blame for the antisocial behavior of displayed by their children. Other risk factors for juvenile delinquency

CAPM, ICAPM and Multifactor Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CAPM, ICAPM and Multifactor Models - Essay Example Later on research was conducted and the creators of CAPM theory related diversifiable which are unsystematic risks and non-diversifiable which are systematic risks for all the securities in the portfolio. Some management individuals conceived that CAPM is not genuine as it dominates participating management and investment study. Fabozzi and Markowitz (2002) state â€Å"even though the idea is not true it does not mean that the constructs introduced by the theory are not important. Constructs introduced in the development of theory include the notion of a market portfolio, systematic risk, diversifiable risks and beta.† CAPM helps to comprehend the fundamental risk-return trade-offs implied in all cases of financial determinations (Gitman, 2006). The international capital asset pricing model (ICAPM) takes into account countries as stock lists in world market is founded on capital asset pricing model. The difference in the methodical risks of countries results in the differences in excess returns. Previous experiential reports of international CAPM models did not find much proof to back up the model. The bond returns mirror alterations in the cost of bonds as well as coupons. Actually domestic regular risk can be branched out by investing internationally without paying off price in terms of lesser returns. With this viewpoint it is clear that the results got by ICAPM are so helpful to spread portfolio for international portfolio investors. If cross-sectional disparity in anticipated returns can be explicated by the ICAPM, the outcomes can be applied to assess capital market integration. The beginning point of ICAPM is that the construction of the theory of international finance for the most part reflects that of domestic financial theory (Adler and Dumas, 1983). Actually ICAPM normally takes into account the world market portfolio as an alternative to domestic market portfolio. Solnik (1974) also suggests that composite models

Discussion-WK4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion-WK4 - Essay Example His proposal approves that the solution works. He has also included an analysis of the plan and the possible results. Karen’s argument will absolutely suit her programs but will require the approval and consideration of others. She does everything to convince her boss that her idea is the best. She is not over confident that her idea will be approved and so she offers her idea put to test which is a good quality of a proposal. Proposal on nurse shortage has had a pre-test with reasons highlighted. It provides the reader with relevant facts making it meaningful and convincing. The thesis statements of the essays are effective because they assure the reader that the problems can be surely be solved effectively. Everything in the proposals has revolved around the problem and the effective ways to solve them. The opening paragraphs of the essays are effective since they have outlined the area of discussion in the essays. The reader can get the important information that is needed for the final decision. The ideas are not concealed between needless words. The points to be put across are to the point and clear. Generally, they have clearly stated the purpose of the proposal at the beginning. The closing sentences as expected should depart with a discussion resolved. The essays do not have repetition of sentences unless for words that requires emphasis. Request for schedule change has shorter paragraphs of one sentence each. The paragraphs are wordy and require reviewing. An example is the paragraph that proposes the schedule the reasons for her proposal should have had each reason on each paragraph. This is the way everyone can understand your points. It also makes the proposal look perfect and attractive irrespective of the content (Trimble,

Ceo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ceo - Research Paper Example business by up to 2300%, it became an online bookstore before quickly diversifying into other ventures like selling VHS tapes and DVDS, video games, clothing, toys, electronics, software, and music CDs. Due to these efforts visible success, the Time Magazine, in 1999 named Bezzos as the 1999 Person of the Year. The earnings per share for Amazon.com as at December 2014 were at $1.14 while the Return on Equity was at 40.2%. Since 2003, the company has had remarkable growth in sales. The total sales in 2003 were $5,743 and have grown to over $500 million in 2014, which also reflects a continuous increase in the net income. The company has a profit margin ratio of 3.2%, which is derived from dividing sales ($14,952) by net income ($487). The asset turnover ratio is at 2.3 reached at by dividing total assets by sales. Through ratio analysis, it is possible to determine whether the company is making progress or not. From the discussion, it is evident that amazon.com has seen gradual improvements in sales and net income as well as earnings per share. Amzon.com has the highest price-earnings ratio as compared to other major companies of common stock. For instance, Amazon.com has a price-earnings ratio of 58 while companies like Cocacola are at 25, Microsoft at 34, and Time Warner Inc. at 30. Amazon has established itself to be a leading e-commerce enterprise by advancing from a typical bookstore to a virtual Wal-Mart of the web. It has also introduced action services alongside the fixed-price format. Big companies like Toys ’R Us and Target outsource technological services from Amazon, Inc. there has been an impressive growth since its inception with revenues growing from $150 million in 1996 to $3.7 billion in 2000 (Laseter et. Al. p. 32). The company enjoys the economies of scale because it has effectively managed to diversify into other fields thus spreading its fixed costs across the market. The company established its brand as bookseller and through its

Narration Paper Prompt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Narration Paper Prompt - Essay Example Being a student I steadily realized that the society itself differentiate between male and female. I am a female and soon I got friends with both males and females in my class. Two boys and one girl of them became my best friends. We used to do each and everything together, play games, lunch parties, every single thing which calls for some get to gather fun. My class occupied a male class teacher, who used to be responsible for our every act in school, outside the class boundaries. His name was James Scott, and we used to call him Professor James. Professor James was a teacher of Math in school. Outside he was a very friendly and generous teacher, but inside opposite to what he seemed. I never jumped into the diplomatic face of his, until an incident happened which showed Professor James hidden face. As you all know the students do some silly things also at their school times, especially along with support of boys. One day the two male best friends of mine, Nick & Harry brought some alcohol and weed to the school and planned to try them along with me and Tina for the first time. Everybody knows that smoking and alcohol is banned for us until we turn out to be 21. Likewise every school abides by this rule strictly, for their students. When Nick told me about this plan, I refused in the first place. But then Harry and Tina forced me that its nothing more than just fun, and trying just for once won’t kill me or them either. The plan was to try weed and alcohol after the Math class, in math class room, because no other classes were used to be conducted in that room for next two hours. The math class was the last class in the ground floor at the corner. Eventually, I agreed with my friends to go for this illegal act in the school itself. According to the plan we waited for the class to get empty after the math’s lecture. As soon as the

Kandinsky's and Severini's Paintings Comparison Essay

Kandinsky's and Severini's Paintings Comparison - Essay Example The essay "Kandinsky's and Severini's Paintings Comparison" compares two paintings - "Picture with an Archer" by Vasily Kandinsky and "Dynamic Hieroglyphic of the Bal Tabarin" by Gino Severini. Picture with an Archer, 1909 constitutes a vibrant depiction that presents a patchwork surface. Such dematerialization of true forms is vividly depicted in the painting. On the other hand Severini's Dynamic Hieroglyphic of the Bal Tabarin, 1912 falls into an art movement in which artists were concerned with portraying the motion sensation. They were motivated by innovative techniques of photography as well as other types of new technologies along with transportation. They selected dynamic and dynamic themes such as the train station hubbub as well as nightclub energy. Before the advent of advanced photography, the movement of humans and animals could be studied only through observation for an action as it occurred before people. This article investigates these two paintings based on the way th ey are depicted, the technique used to portray them and their unique features. The depiction constitutes a mix of nostalgia, promise, and excitement and evokes an intimate environment of a dream. During the year of the painting, the artist was residing in Germany and was far from his home Russia. However, in the presence of the vivid picture's color energy offers some promise and excitement. The setting of the scene is an abstract landscape consisting of multi-hued trees and mountain that have a little house along.

Ceo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ceo - Research Paper Example business by up to 2300%, it became an online bookstore before quickly diversifying into other ventures like selling VHS tapes and DVDS, video games, clothing, toys, electronics, software, and music CDs. Due to these efforts visible success, the Time Magazine, in 1999 named Bezzos as the 1999 Person of the Year. The earnings per share for Amazon.com as at December 2014 were at $1.14 while the Return on Equity was at 40.2%. Since 2003, the company has had remarkable growth in sales. The total sales in 2003 were $5,743 and have grown to over $500 million in 2014, which also reflects a continuous increase in the net income. The company has a profit margin ratio of 3.2%, which is derived from dividing sales ($14,952) by net income ($487). The asset turnover ratio is at 2.3 reached at by dividing total assets by sales. Through ratio analysis, it is possible to determine whether the company is making progress or not. From the discussion, it is evident that amazon.com has seen gradual improvements in sales and net income as well as earnings per share. Amzon.com has the highest price-earnings ratio as compared to other major companies of common stock. For instance, Amazon.com has a price-earnings ratio of 58 while companies like Cocacola are at 25, Microsoft at 34, and Time Warner Inc. at 30. Amazon has established itself to be a leading e-commerce enterprise by advancing from a typical bookstore to a virtual Wal-Mart of the web. It has also introduced action services alongside the fixed-price format. Big companies like Toys ’R Us and Target outsource technological services from Amazon, Inc. there has been an impressive growth since its inception with revenues growing from $150 million in 1996 to $3.7 billion in 2000 (Laseter et. Al. p. 32). The company enjoys the economies of scale because it has effectively managed to diversify into other fields thus spreading its fixed costs across the market. The company established its brand as bookseller and through its

Kandinsky's and Severini's Paintings Comparison Essay

Kandinsky's and Severini's Paintings Comparison - Essay Example The essay "Kandinsky's and Severini's Paintings Comparison" compares two paintings - "Picture with an Archer" by Vasily Kandinsky and "Dynamic Hieroglyphic of the Bal Tabarin" by Gino Severini. Picture with an Archer, 1909 constitutes a vibrant depiction that presents a patchwork surface. Such dematerialization of true forms is vividly depicted in the painting. On the other hand Severini's Dynamic Hieroglyphic of the Bal Tabarin, 1912 falls into an art movement in which artists were concerned with portraying the motion sensation. They were motivated by innovative techniques of photography as well as other types of new technologies along with transportation. They selected dynamic and dynamic themes such as the train station hubbub as well as nightclub energy. Before the advent of advanced photography, the movement of humans and animals could be studied only through observation for an action as it occurred before people. This article investigates these two paintings based on the way th ey are depicted, the technique used to portray them and their unique features. The depiction constitutes a mix of nostalgia, promise, and excitement and evokes an intimate environment of a dream. During the year of the painting, the artist was residing in Germany and was far from his home Russia. However, in the presence of the vivid picture's color energy offers some promise and excitement. The setting of the scene is an abstract landscape consisting of multi-hued trees and mountain that have a little house along.

Leadership and Supervision Issues in Nathaniel Philbrick’s In the Heart of the Sea Essay Example for Free

Leadership and Supervision Issues in Nathaniel Philbrick’s In the Heart of the Sea Essay Nathaniel Philbrick’s In the Heart of the Sea describes the tragic final voyage of the Nantucket-based whaler Essex in 1820. The Essex was a floating factory, a comparatively small but sturdy vessel designed to travel great distances to find, kill, and process whales, thus yielding the extremely valuable whale oil and other products. In the Heart of the Sea also describes a series of errors, mishaps and miscalculations—often with fatal results—in the management, leadership and supervision of the enterprise. These events, despite the distance in time, provide scenarios to compare and contrast present-day concepts of leadership and supervision. The story of the Essex illustrates numerous instances of (a) poor planning before and during the journey, (b) poor staffing decisions before and during the journey, (c) indecisive and/or poor leadership and (d) poor supervision which contributed to the difficult journey, the sinking of the Essex and the horrible aftermath. Typical of the practices of the era and locale, Essex was captained, but not owned and provisioned, by a sailor-officer who had risen through the ranks. This would be the first command voyage of Captain George Pollard, Jr. By all accounts he had successfully risen to First Mate of the Essex on previous voyages and was given captaincy when the former captain was given a newer and larger vessel. Unfortunately he inherited a worn ship soon to be out of commission. Accordingly the owners spent as little as possible on repairs of the vessel and even less on provisions for the multi-year cruise. There is no indication Pollard had any input in either decision. As this was his first command he was likely to remain in his employers’ good graces and refrain from insisting on better repairs and outfitting. To further compound these initial as well as future problems was the wage payment structure in which Pollard and the crew were essentially working on commission. Payment to officers and seamen alike would be a portion based on rank and seniority paid only if the valuable whale oil was safely in port. Other experienced captains had the ability and option to add to the original provisions. Pollard either decided to set sail despite the meager provisions or was unable to supplement them by his own means. This system strongly contrasts to management practices of the day as well as contemporary practices. Owner-operated businesses were not at all uncommon in the era with a strong â€Å"hands-on† style of leadership. Most striking would be the owner-operated vessels with a captain well-versed on ship maintenance and outfitting. Obviously today anyone would be considered naive at best and insane at worst to take on such a logistical task of any sort without having been given decision-making authority. Today even with companies having distant or publicly held ownership the leadership and decision-makers of the company are urged to â€Å"buy into† the company in the sense of making decisions and leading in a manner consistent with actual ownership. If Pollard can be excused to some extent for the poor decision-making at home port, the disastrous lack of planning during his maiden voyage is his burden alone. After almost loosing his ship virtually at the onset of the voyage he is either unable or incapable of tactical or strategic planning when the Essex is destroyed. With a previously damaged vessel prudence would dictate some sort of â€Å"disaster plan† short of a belief that lightening will not strike the same place twice. While the Essex was sinking it was the foresight of others who managed to salvage essential items. Some decisions defied common sense. Instead of cooking and preparing a substantial amount of available turtle meat he simply placed two live turtles with each surviving whaleboat. Perhaps Pollard did not think the unthinkable could happen again. Such planning and preparedness is not something novel, for his era or ours. It is simply the ability to survive the unexpected and the wisdom to learn from it. Contemporary leadership in management, government, and virtually any other field must be prepared for the unexpected. The unexpected and the disastrous will certainly occur, usually when least expected. It then also becomes a learning experience for leadership to plan and think for the â€Å"unplanned and unthinkable†. Consistent with the idea of poor or non-existent planning was the Nantucket concept of staffing vessels with the unskilled. Pollard’s ship was manned by a significant number of â€Å"sailors† who had never lived in Nantucket nor experienced life on a whaler. Other â€Å"sailors† included inexperienced Nantucket youngsters anxious for their first cruise as well as officers sailing in newly-promoted ranks. It was expected of Pollard and his officers to essentially conduct on-the-job training for the unskilled staff. However, once again, if Pollard can be excused for having to deal with something out of his control, the staffing decisions made during the disaster were his alone. Most glaring was the decision regarding the placement of the survivors in what would become their lifeboats. No consideration was given to skill, ability or health. Instead, it was a system based on whether a sailor was black or white, Nantucketer or not. Apprenticeships and on-the-job training are time-honored practices dating back centuries and still valid today. Both systems are based on both a lengthy or at least sufficient period of time and a non-critical or at least supervised situation. The apprentice or OJT worker will make mistakes and is given the opportunity to make them and learn from them in a controlled situation. Once skilled, the staffing pattern must be developed to maintain whatever production or quality standard is to be met. In an emergency situation such decisions must be made by leadership without being distracted by pointless issues of race, class, or place of birth. Again, Pollard can be shielded to some extent by the customs and practices of his day. Contemporary leaders have no such excuse. Decision-making is often made in the lonely vacuum of sole command, something that Pollard, at times, was unable or willing to do. â€Å"Leadership by consensus† was not something he learned, but he did indeed practice. Additionally, indecision is in fact a decision, and one that eats time. After the initial near-fatal keeling of his ship Pollard commits both errors: he abdicates sole leadership, procrastinates, reverses himself, and by trying to lead by consensus ultimately leads his ship to disaster. Again, forces work against Pollard. To turn back with a damaged empty ship would result in no wages and possibly a loss of command. By deciding to continue the voyage with a damaged ship, lost provisions, and lost whaleboats Pollard was not talking a calculated risk, he was essentially dooming his ship and crew to disaster. Modern management case studies abound with the disastrous stories of managers failing to decide and having that â€Å"activity† yield worse results than a bad decision. Most missions are time-critical and while many, if not most missions can have a built-in method of correcting erroneous decisions there is no method for reversing time lost in indecision. The texts are equally full of the horror stories of leaders who take the â€Å"ahead at all costs† attitude without a realistic appraisal of whether their â€Å"ship† can handle the journey. This inevitably results in the learned experience that â€Å"profitability at all costs† is very unprofitable. After the sinking of the Essex a variety of decisions were made, some based on common sense, or lack of same, and others based on the nautical knowledge of the time. Perhaps the most glaring was the decision to allow the surviving whaleboats to operate in an individual fashion, without tying together during the night. While a questionable seafaring decision, it casts some light on broader contemporary issues. During critical situations, whether a production run or a full-scale emergency it is common sense and a practical necessity to maintain communication and command. Failure to maintain either can jeopardize the personnel and the mission. In the Heart of the Sea is filled with numerous examples of poor supervision. From the very onset there is no indication Pollard really supervised the repair and provisioning of his vessel; it all likelihood he delegated a great deal of this responsibility to his First and Second Mate. There is no indication he did a thorough, hands-on investigation of his damaged vessel after the initial near-sinking. Once whaling he was out in a whaleboat, as was the custom, instead of being in a position on deck to supervise all of the events that would unfold. There is no indication he personally undertook a surveillance of Henderson Island to determine if it could sustain the crew, or in the alternative, if it could better provision the survivors on their continued voyage. During many of the catastrophic events Pollard seemed overwhelmed and incapacitated by the situation. He was unable to command and supervise what can only be described as life-threatening or life-saving activity unfolding in front of him. Once all was lost he decided to allow the boats to go their own way, and was unable to maintain the supervision of survivors when that was his most critical duty. Throughout the disastrous journey the questionable command of Pollard is and will be debated. What is certain is there was considerable doubt at the time that he exercised the decision-making responsibilities in a prudent manner. The captain of a ship and the leader of a corporation must be able to face a situation, whether mundane or critical, and make very quick and decisive actions. First and foremost is the decision of whether to take a â€Å"hands on† approach or delegate responsibility. There is no easy or set answer, and either method can be disastrous, if a leader usurps a subordinate’s better command of a situation or if responsibility is delegated to someone incapable of handling the situation. However, the command of a ship is unique and very similar to many organizational situations in that the leader at the very top is expected to be well-versed and capable of every function in the entire organization. If that is not the case, then the leader must have a clear understanding of his personal abilities and limitations as well as that of all of the subordinates in the chain of command. Throughout the narratives and accounts which the book is comprised of there is mention of, and no doubt that the captain knew his ship better than anyone. However, it became very obvious at the onset that his knowledge of his and his officers’ capabilities was suspect. At only one point was Pollard described as acting with the authority and decisiveness normally required of a ship’s captain. He quickly and ferociously responded to an early â€Å"protest† by the crew relating to what they considered poor rations. His outburst and threatened action quelled the protest and certainly left the crew with no doubt of his intent. However, what is missing is the not-unusual comments and attitude from crewmen indicating complete respect of their captain and their willingness to follow his commands, regardless of outcome, because of their knowledge of him and his ability. It is imperative upon leaders to not just know their workplace, but to know their staff. It is not enough to â€Å"go ballistic† once in a while to let the staff know what will happen if something is discovered amiss or in response to what behavior is not to be tolerated. Command through intimidation is foolhardy; what is necessary of leadership is to prove competency to staff and subordinates to the point where there is no doubt there is respect in the leader’s ability. At that point leadership becomes â€Å"natural† if and when the staff and subordinates believe the leadership will in fact lead, but do so in a manner that takes into account the well-being, if not survival, of all. In modern society â€Å"survival† is often economic survival, and depending on the organization or industry economic survival must be paramount in management’s priorities. Pollard lost on both counts; the voyage was a complete economic disaster and resulted in the deaths of the majority of his crew. The journey was a voyage of poor planning, staffing, decision-making and supervision. It is an epic of missed opportunities and unrealistic goals. It is a blueprint for any manager or leader in what not to do. Leadership cannot afford to be unprepared in any of the areas noted above. Each interact and influence the other, often in ways unanticipated and noted only too late. It is easy, but very necessary to look at situations with twenty-twenty hindsight if lessons are to be learned and errors prevented in the future. There is a host of what-if questions presented by In the Heart of the Sea which every leader should take to heart.

Shakespeares Twelfth Night | Analysis

Shakespeares Twelfth Night | Analysis William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, is a rich comedy delving into the innate human desire for love. Shakespeare uses these characters merely as vessels for a larger insight into society as a whole. No person wants what they can truly have, but rather, what they cannot. Shakespeare conveys a cryptic portrayal of romance where his characters are masochists and shows how love can blind and act so impulsively to satisfy an innate need. By ending of the play with three weddings Shakes pear sends the comments that love has no boundaries. When the reader is first introduced to Duke Orinso, he is accounting the first time he laid eyes upon the lady Olivia. Through the use of language, the Duke speaks of a love that he wishes he could be full of and die away, â€Å"If music be the food of love, play on Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting The appetite may sicken, and so die† (Act I, I, 1-3). The Dukes case seems to be self indulgent, and gains enjoyment from being overdramatic. From the on set of the play, he gives off the impression that he knows he will never obtain the love of Olivia, but he enjoys wallowing in self pity, and encouraging others to be sympathetic to his situation as well. In a separate speech, the Duke refers to his desires for Olivia as â€Å"my desires, like fell and cruel hounds, Eer since pursue me (Act I, I, 20-24). It seems as though love or romance for him is a game, rather than an emotion to be taken seriously. Throughout the rest of the play, his pursuance of Olivia never ceases, an d at one point the even threatens to kill his own servant Cesario because of Olivia’s mistaken thinking that Cesario was the man she had just married. With that threat from the Duke, this comedy could have potentially been turned to tragedy. The Duke never once elaborates on the finer feelings for Olivia, he merely pines over her in a superficial way, and had Olivia given in to his persistence, the Duke would have gained a trophy wife, just someone pretty to look at. Only when Cesario revels himself as a woman, Viola, does the Duke show the capacity to love someone he has had a deeper relationship with than just looks. With this ends his masochistic ways of loving someone who will never love him back, but it says nothing for the sometimes transparent emotions the Duke has. Another character that falls deeply into a self satisfying love affair is Countess Olivia. Olivia is blinded by love she and ignores the evidence that points to Cesario as actually not being whom he says he is, and over looks the possibility that Cesario might be a female despite his lack of masculine features. Olivia justifies his feminine features as a eunuch and is will to fall in love with Cesario. Olivia decision to fall in love with a eunuch despite knowing she won’t be able to have children enforces shows how that she is willing to cross the boundaries of society for true love. She describes love as something that comes upon her unexpectedly and out of nowhere, â€Å"Not too fast; soft, soft unless the masters were the man. How now? Even so quickly may one catch the plague? (Act I, V .282 -284). Through the next few acts she schemes to obtain the love of Cesario, a measly servant rather than giving her love to the Duke or Sir Andrew to retain the power she has being the woman of the house. It is hard to take the character of Olivia seriously when we first find her in such despair that she doesn’t want to be seen by any man other than her servant Malvolio and her uncle, then in an instant she can turn to giving her love away to a younger, lower class servant that she barely knows. Shakespeare’s creativity of the foil between the sayings â€Å"loves is blind† and Sebastian’s mistaken disguise as being Cesario, Olivia disregards Sebastian comments about being a stranger ignoring him and insisting that he is the man she fell in love with â€Å"So comes it, lady, you have been mistook But nature to her bias drew in that. You would have been contracted to a maid Nor are you therein, by my life, deceived, You are betrothd both to a maid and man† Act (V, I, 2460). The feeling of true love is so strong with in Olivia that she is will to accept a complete stranger to fill him that gap that true love meant. When Viola raveled herself, the reaction of Olivia is very calm for she has married the disguise that she has fallen in love with. Olivia crosses the boundary of basic society values of getting to know some one before marry that person. In the end of the play, both Olivia and Orinso end up happy, but this is mainly because they marry the m an and woman versions of the same person. Viola who was only trying to find refuge from a shipwrecked, disguises herself as a young boy. Viola is left alone and must look to her own resourcefulness to secure her safety. Conceal me what I am, and be my aid/ for such disguise as haply shall become/ the form of my intent. I’ll serve this duke (Act I, II, 49-51). Violas disguise soon turns into a dilemma, while falling in love with Orsino; she innocently becomes the object of affection of Olivia, the woman she is suppose to help fall in love with Orsino. Orsino looks past the disguise of Cesario and falls in love with Viola regardless of her depictions. When Orsino learns that Cesario is really Viola his actions are surprising. Orsino gives no second thought to the fact that he has fallen in love with a woman while she was disguised as a man. Viola crosses the boundary deception in taking on a disguise to make the Duke fall in love with her. Maria and Sir Toby’s wedding at the end of the play was very surprising. Sir Toby who is a drunk and has a bit of noble blood falls in love With Olivia’s maid Maria. Sir Toby love for Maria is not because she is beautiful or very attractive but because of her cleverness in handling the hoax on Malvolio â€Å"I could marry this wench for this device.† Act (II, IV, 1208). Sir Toby is willing to cross to boundary of social class by marring Maria who happens to be beneath him in society. In conclusion in Twelfth Night Shakespeares commentary on love and romance is that most times it is transparent, that people have their own agendas for their feelings, whether it be beauty, power, or social advancement. None of these characters actually had the true feeling of love, but all were melodramatic and flailed around like they had found the loves of their lives, their missing half. The Bait, John Donne Analysis |The Passionate Shepherd to His Love, Marlowe Analysis The Bait, John Donne Analysis |The Passionate Shepherd to His Love, Marlowe Analysis In The Passionate Shepherd to His Love and The Bait the reader finds two contrasting images of the world. Marlowe paints the world as a utopian society withought any worries or dangers. The shepherd and the lover he is seeking in his quest have no responsibilities in life other than to enjoy life to it fullest. In describing the pleasures which the couple can enjoy in the countryside, Marlowe fails to include the manner in which the shepherd obtains those pleasures and omits any of the negative possibilities which may accompany them. The shepherd tells the female that they will sit upon the rocks/And see the shepherds feed their flocks (5/6), but he does not mention the responsibilities associated with owning flocks of sheep and protecting them from danger. The beds of roses (9) that the shepherd offers to his love will, more than likely, contain thorns and will be a rather uncomfortable place to lie . To obtain the gown made of the finest wool (13) is not an easy task for the shephe rd because he will need to shear a lamb which involves a great deal of hard work. The shepherds courtship in Marlowes poem is the impractical dream of a lover who wants to satisfy his desire without giving any thought to the responsibilities of life in the real world. Marlowe creates a pretty picture of the world, but it is far from the reality of the world lived in by a shepherd. While Marlowes poem takes place in an somewhat imaginary world, Donnes poem portrays a more cynical and realistic image of the world. The characters in Donnes poem live in a world filled with real dangers and the possibility of death. In describing the pleasures used to tempt the lover, Donne includes the negative side of those pleasures. The golden sands, and crystal brooks (3) which are offered may be beautiful, but they do contain silken lines, and silver hooks(4) which can be deadly. When Donne writes about letting others freeze with angling reeds,/and cut their legs with shells and weeds (17-18), it is clear that other fish are struggling and are in danger of getting harmed in their quest for love. Strangling snare, or windowy net( 20) is a further example of the real dangers present for the fish in Donnes portrayal of the world. The world in this poem is more practical than the world described in Marlowes poem; it gives thought to many of the real dangers in life. Donne creates a picture of the world that is actually close to the reality of a life lead by a fish being lured by bait. The concept of romance portrayed in the two poems differs a great deal. Marlowes poem expresses an overly optimistic view of romance. He presents romance as both beautiful and unselfish, and captures the bliss of a natural and undemanding love. The shepherd tells the lady that if she will only, Come live with me and be my Love (1), he will give her delight after delight. He promises that she will be dressed in the finest luxuries Fair lined slippers for the cold, With buckles of the purest gold (15/16) and will eat her meals from silver dishes (21). Never, in this poem, does Marlowe acknowledge any of the negative aspects that are hidden in his idea of romance. He fails to mention that he is not offering her marriage nor any suggestion that they will establish a future together. The concept of romance presented in this poem is one without any true commitment and offers only the pleasures of the moment. Marlowes view of romance captures the joys of a simple and uncomplicated romance t hat is free of obligation. Romantic love in Donnes poem is expressed as a more cynical experience. Although the first stanzas of the poem represent a romantic world, the remainder of the poem seems to be mocking the existence of such genuine romantic relationships. Donne seems to be warning men about the dangers of women and of falling in love. The imagery in Or treacherously poor fish beset/With strangling snare, or windowy net (19-20) illustrates a mans loss of his ability to move and be free in his search of romance. It further conveys the idea that perhaps a woman is not as totally wonderful as man may believe, and that it is the woman who is in control of the romance Each fish, which every channel hath,/Will amorously to thee swim,/Gladder to catch thee, than thou him (10-13). The concept of romanic love portrayed in this poem is one of warning regarding the commitments and dangers that romance can hold. Donnes view of romance clearly captures the difficulties and complications that can be involved in rom ance. The mood conveyed in these poems is distinctly different. Marlowes poem represents a mood that is carefree and light, and Donnes represents one that is dark and much more serious. In Marlowes poem, the pastoral scene creates an atmosphere of peace and tranquility. The blissful description of romance creates an enchanting feeling that makes the mood of the poem appear magical. The treasures the shepherd offers to his love appeal to the senses and are among the most beautiful and luxurious that nature hills and valleys, dale and field, and all that craggy mountains yield. (3/4) and man have to offer. The animated and cheerful vision that is created when the shepherd tells the woman that the shepherd swains shall dance and sing (25) if she will accept the gifts he offers conveys a mood that is enjoyable and merry. The happiness and promising mood of Marlowes poem is in direct contrast to the darker and dangerous mood of Donnes poem. In Donnes poem, the mood is dark and the characters exist in an environment that is full of uncertainty and laced with danger. The pastoral scene of Marlowes poem is replaced with the chaotic world of fish and bait together in the water. His skeptical description of romance creates a sense of caution which fills the poem with a mood of fear and apprehension. As the fish are completely captivated by the woman, they are willing to betray each other in order to gain her love. This willingness to betray each other plants an air of deceit into the mood of the poem. Fear of being captured Gladder to catch thee, than thou him (12) suggests a mood of anxiety in that the man wants to enjoy the bait, but does not want to be snared by it. The possibility of the fish being caught by the bait also introduces the probability of death to the poem and furthers its gloomy mood in that the fish freeze with angling reeds (17) or are unable to move due to the strangling snare, or windowy net (20). The d ark mood created in this poem is significantly different from the bright mood of Marlowes poem. My opinion that Donnes poem is written as a response to Marlowes poem is based on the significant differences present in the themes of the poets portrayals of the world, their views of romance, and the moods they set in their poems. Donnes realistic interpretation of the world is in direct contrast to the idealistic world portrayed by Marlowe. In Donnes poem, it is suggested that romance is not all joy and bliss, but is serious and can be perilous. Donnes troubled and dark poem was written in response to Marlows light and happy poem. These theme differences in the description of the world, the concept of romance, and the mood of the poems lead me to believe that Donnes poem was written as a response to the poem of Marlowe. This makes me feel that future poets will respond to both of theses poems with their own views.

Hate Speech is the Price We Must Pay for Freedom of Speech

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Living in the United States we enjoy many wonderful freedoms and liberties. Even though most of these freedoms seem innate to our lives, most have been earned though sacrifice and hard work. Out of all of our rights, freedom of speech is perhaps our most cherished, and one of the most controversial. Hate speech is one of the prices we all endure to ensure our speech stays free. But with hate speeches becoming increasingly common, many wonder if it is too great of a price to pay, or one that we should have to pay at all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech,or of the press: or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the framers of the constitution penned these 45 words could they have known the extent that they would be studied and scrutinize? Are the words meant to be taken literally or is it the â€Å"spirit† to them that is most important? Many views exist and are hotly debated, but most agree that this amendment has enabled some of the best things in the history of our country to be said; and ultimately done. However it has also enabled some of the worst.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When discussing hate speech one has to address fighting words. Fighting words are words that the Supreme Court believes that even the mere utterance of them will inflict injury or incite an immediate breach of the peace. The court also believes these words are unnecessary for anyone to use, and that even if they were not used someone could still express their ideas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Historically some hate speeches have contained fighting words, but they are view by the court as a separate entity. Fighting words are often classified as having absolutely no social value, and are not protected by the first amendment. In this regard I think that hate speech and fighting words are very analogous to indecent and obscene material. While indecent material might be frowned upon it is constitutionally protected, as where obscene material (also classified as having no social value) is not. This distinction was first made in the early 1940s in the Chaplinsky case.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chaplinsky was a Jehovah’ s Witness, and one day while doing some face-to-face confrontations as part of his religious practices, an... ...nts think is appropriate. That kind of gathering offers an opportunity for people to talk about something other than the Klan. It also shows the outside world the community does not condone Klan activity.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perhaps in the end all we can really do it to try and come to terms with hate speech on a personal level. I believe 100 percent in the first amendment, and I look at having to tolerate hate speech as a price I have to pay for enjoying such a wonderful freedom. I don’t think it would be effective or warranted to limit the peoples freedom in attempts to try and stop the despicable practice of hate speech. Works Cited: The Associated Press State & Local Wire, January 7, 2002. Fales, John The Washington Times, Pg. 11 September 2, 2002. Fein, Bruce The Washington Times, August 6, 2002. Rodrigues, Janette The Houston Chronicle, Pg. 15 January 17, 2001. Taylor, Lynda Guydon The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Pg. w3 June 24, 2001 Cases Cited Black v. Virginia, 262 Va. 764, 553 S.E.2d 738 (2001) Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568 (1942) Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989) Village of Skokie v. National Socialist Party 373 N.E. 2d 21 (1978)