Introducing Constance Essay

In Ann-Marie MacDonalds Goodnight Desdemona (Good Morning Juliet), the audience is sweep into the playful subconscious of the protagonist, Constance Ledbelly. Before she speaks, her imaginative nature is introduced by commission of transaction I, The Prologue. The chorus enters giving an intriguing monologue in which the root stages of an exciting diversity begin to unfold. The Prologue is so utilisationful in that it gives indications of plot, theme, impinge and so on. All of which carry a heavy dramatic significance. However, Ann-Marie Macdonald suggests that the biggest rehearse of The Prologue is in developing the character of Constance.The chorus begins by asking Whats alchemy? The hoax of charlatans? (5) In different words, is alchemy a transformation of base metals into gold, or just the trick of a fraud or phony? Can such transformation exist, not just in the mind, but also in reality? Such a rehearsal indicates that there shall be a changing of sorts. This change i s seen literally as Constances fountain pen is ulterior transformed to solid gold. entirely this change is also seen as a transformation of character. From something plain, to something miraculous. Constance begins as a flighty, insecure, and somewhat foolish daydreamer. Some might call her a push-over. She is sound of eccentricities and is not taken too seriously, dressed in her frumpy clothes. However, later after her encounters with Desdemona and Juliet, she becomes strong and opinionated. She opens herself to the possibility of embarrassment and mochary by speaking her mind, and fussy where she deems fit. The Prologue gives the audience a clue of the changes Constance will endure. Thus setting up her character.In The Prologue the chorus speaks of opposites coming unneurotic. He mentions the merging of unconscious selves and the espousal of true minds.(6) These unconscious selves perhaps atomic number 18 actually Desdemona and Juliet living at heart Constances unconscious . They are parts of her. Desdemona represents the driven and somewhat violent side, and Juliet is the dim romantic side of Constance. These two selves are about to be brought together and made aware to Constance for the first time. Unite these lurking shards of broken glass into a mirror that reflects one soul. (6) The chorus says to bring together these two sides of Constance in a way that she will see they are her own inwardly herself.Two references are made to the Philosophers Stone in The Prologue. This is that another indication of change. The Philosophers Stone was once believed to turn other metals into gold. The chorus announces the Gustav Manuscript as the key to Constances Philosophers Stone. hither is the key to her Philosophers Stone the psychic altar that will diverge fate. (6) Constance uses the manuscript, and her forced exploration of two of Shakespeares plays, (Othello, Romeo and Juliet), to discover herself. The manuscript and the events in it lead to Cons tances journey of self discovery. She accepts her likeness to the characters of Desdemona and Juliet. She realizes that the three of them are all one in the same.Gemini is the sign of twins and is a good deal associated with split personalities. Also having two different sides to one. After removing the discard items from the circular file and replacing them on Constances desk, the chorus says, Swift Mercury, that changing element, visualized as Gemini, hermaphrodite and twin, now steers the stars of Constance Ledbelly, and offers her a double-edged re-birthday. (6) Another botch that Constances two sides that will soon come together, and be revealed to her.Act I, The Prologue is full of dramatic significance. However it seems to be directly related to the photograph of Constance Ledbelly. By toying with the use of metaphors and clever wit, Ann-Marie MacDonald fully succeeds in her use of The Prologue to set up the main character of her play.

1984 Skeleton Outline Essay

I used to think that cyberspace was fifty eld away. What I thought was fifty old age away, was only ten years away. And what I thought was ten years away it was already here. I just now wasnt awargon of it to date. Bruce Sterling (www. brainyquote. com) Technology has helped confederation achieve great strides in the world today. It has helped us to walk on the moon and find cures for certain cancers. However, technology can also do horrible and devastating effects. This is best illustrated in Or salutarys refreshing, 1984. Orwells novel has been adapted by Michael Radford who captured Orwells technologic totallyy inclined society with a visual medium.See more Social process actRadfords fritter away portrayed Orwells idea of 1984 more efficaciously. This volition be proven through examination of additions and deletions of cracks, cinematography, and casting. Radfords additions and deletions leave the listening questioning his prime(prenominal). At the end of the film R adford leaves the audience with unanswered questions, whereas in the novel, Orwell had clear visual clues the answered the questions. But it was all right, everything was all right the cope was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved crowing Brother. (Orwell 311)An affective addition Radford included in his 1984, was towards the end of the film, Julia and Winston were planned to pull to crapher up with each other. In the novel, they had not planned to meet and just so happened that they bumped into each other. Actually, it was by chance that they had met. It was in the Park, on a vile, biting day in March, when the earth was like iron and all the grass seemed dead and at that sharpen was not a bud eachplace except a few crocuses which had pushed themselves up to be dismembered by the wind. He was hurrying along with frozen hands and watering eyes when he saw her not ten metres away from him.It struck him at in one case that she had changed in some ill-defined way. (IBID 304) Make sure that you state why this quote is significant in proving that Radford was better at depicting Orwells vision. In the novel when Winston goes to meet OBrien to get the Newspeak dictionary Julia was in that respect with him. In the film when Winston goes to meet OBrien to get the Newspeak dictionary Julia was not there, Radford has this addition included to emphasize how much Julia did not care closely the Party. Radfords interpretation of 1984 of additions and deletions was very affective.Radfords use of cinematography was well done based on Orwells vision. With the help of color or if you look at it another way, a lack of colour, the film was meant to be shot in a numb and dreary bunchting. Radford was able to get across to the viewers, the sense of depression. * (put a quote in here of anything that describes any way that they dress or any of the colourize that are exposit in the novel) Consider the opening couple of paragraphs. You could also talk some the scene in the film where his mother died and examine that to another scene to show how times have changed.Radford used bland and mechanized colors such as grey, navy blue and black. In Radfords 1984 there was a scene shown of Hurt walking home from work and there was no color but greys, and a small amount of a windy navy blue. The actors in the film were too wearing dull navy uniforms and that was it. This was a perfect representation of the way Radford emphasized how dull the film was. The characters in the film, more specifically, John Hurt and Suzanna Hamilton, were also physically grey looking.Their skin was dead looking and physically sick which helped Radford set the theme of the film. (Use the description of the golden country are they the same in the novel and the film? ) If so how? If not how are they different ? Radfords character selection was very effective that helped to portray Orwells vision. Radfords 1984 was well cast. John Hurt acted just the way he was d escribe in the novel. Although he did not speak much, Hurt used clear facial expressions in order to get his point across and to make pass with others.Winston Smith (John Hurt) is 39, but he has the skinny, wizened look of a eternally chilled, undernourished child, whose face is that of an old man. (www. ovie. nytimes. com) Julia, Suzanna Hamilton, was better depicted in the film than in the novel. She brings a captivating freshness and warmth to her role, a subatomic reminiscent of a young Harriet Anderson. Her pale, wiry, broad-hipped body has a simple, unaffected, almost archetypical beauty, and in the films more intimate moments, she radiates all the tactual sensual grace of a Munch or Degas bare. (www. IMBd. com) Hamilton helps to portray Julia being a very rebellious character. In the film, Julia was an upfront kind of character whereas in the novel Julia seemed very closed yet didnt really say much.Radfords film adaptation of 1984 does effectively portray Orwells visio n. This was proven by characters, additions and deletions, cinematography. Radfords cinematography is an superior adaptation of Orwells plot. The characters were well cast and Orwells vision was seen. The additions and deletions are very effective in portraying the vision of 1984. Overall Radfords film does Orwells novel justice. Maybe for your conclusion keep the compare and contrast going. So for example Orwell made many choices about where to place characters in the novel but Radford adding or deleting them was a better choice for the vision as a whole.

British Prime Minister

From the year 1905 to the year 2008, t here(predicate) be already 24 prime subgenus Pastors who have ruled over as the native attend of the United Kingdom (United Kingdom prime(a) curates 2008). As of the manifest times, the property is occupied by Gordon Brown. The military congregation that is being held by the prime parson of religion has been passed on from one hand over the next for the past 103 years. The tooth root of role is an important factor in analyzing the role of the prime minister and the way through which a deeper understanding of how it is maintained gage be seen.The distinctiveness and the constant replacement of the prime minister over the run away of their existence in the British regularisement have to be related to the dynamics of originator in concert with its writer in prep ar to justify why and how it is held by the heap in vex. This paper aims to draw a concept of military unit and identify whether thither is an informal and formal fac e of index. This is done through a research using different literatures and as well draws upon psycheal opinion in order to provide a unfavorable position on the general topic of place.This is followed by a password of the violence that is exercised by the prime minister, more special(prenominal)ally that of the United Kingdom. The sources of power, tally to the conventions, arrangements, and radical devices ar also researched in order to relate this to how the power is earned and maintained. In order to do this, the experiences of the past prime ministers argon studied and collected to form a historical overview of how the power to govern as a prime minister is taken and maintained. What is Power?In understanding the concept of power, it is important to take none of its translation and the characteristics that ar associated with it. Morgan (2006) defines it to be the medium through which conflicts of interest be ultimately heady and crooks who gets what, when, an d how (p. 166). In relation to this, it is seen that power occurs with the picture of social reality gaunt by the members of a particular group and the need for the allocation of the scarce resources (Pfeffer & Salancik 2003). in that location is a relation that fundament be seen from the deuce definitions wherein it could be derived that the person or the group which has the power defines the resources that are considered to be of limit amount. Along with the possession of power is the business leader and function for particular resources together with its allocation. In appurtenance to this, the seat of power is defined by the psyches do up a group. Politically speaking, power is seen to be a meaning through which sharing occurs in the process of making decisions (Fahlbusch, Bromily, & Barrett 1999).In the mount of the government, the decision-making process meanaaas the formulation of the policies, which take government exertion mechanism or inaction. make headway disparity is seen with the use of power as there are two faces seen for it. It is seen as an instrument through which peace and status quo potful be achieved (Fahlbusch, Bromily, & Barrett 1999). On the some opposite hand, it remains to be very sensitized to abuse that includes misuse, excess, and tyranny (Fahlbusch, Bromily, & Barrett 1999 311)Two additional and related definitions of power is provided by Shortell and Kaluzny (1997) where it is seen that power is 1) something that is used in order to permute the course of action or behavior of another group or single and 2) the influence that is exerted in order to force another person or group to do something that is in opposite to the original decision. thither are genuine elements that brush off be clearly seen from these definitions of power. First, it is seen that it whitethorn or it may not transcend through a hierarchical structure and is not aquiline on the way through which positions in the organiza tion is patterned.This is because the direction from which the power stems can be anywhere who can actually accomplish the two conditions mentioned above. However, it can be seen that there is, actually, a greater materialize for those who pack soaringer positions to have power and use it because of the capabilities and responsibilities that is attached to the position. Second, it is a gist of initiating exchange. To a certain extent, it can be seen that change is often associated with lead as the latter is associated with two characteristics which include being masters of change and visionaries (Fisher 1999 138).It can be related that since there is a sense of change in every leader, it can be seen that power is something that is used for the economic consumption of leading people into making some(prenominal) changes for a particular aspiration that is intended. It should be noted, console, that leadership is not the same as management and may or may not lie within the fo rmal organizational structure. Third, power is sometimes associated with coercion and the use of force in order to achieve something.Though this is oftentimes seen and accepted in negative terms, it should be considered that this is not the sole aspect of power. In fact, there are different types of power that is classified according to their sources and coercion is only one of the elements that can be seen from one or a few of these types. A discussion with ask to this is placed in the following section. Sources of Power There are quintette general sources of power as presented by Cronkhite (2008). The classification includes reward power, unequivocal power, legitimate power, referent power, and good power (Cronkhite 2008).First, reward power exists where truth and cooperation is earned in exchange for something that is needed (Cronkhite 2008). Second, coercive power involves the ability to take away something that is considered to be of value when the behavior or action desi red is not achieved (R. Denhardt, J. Denhardt, & Aristigueta 2001). Third, legitimate power, placed in simple(a) terms, is considered to be the type of power which stems from the position that is being held wherein people are made to follow and act in consideration of the organizational structure, which indicates the position (Bob, I.Asherman, S. Asherman, & Randall 2001). Fourth, referent power is the type wherein power is gained through joining with a powerful group or persons (Timby & Smith 2007). It could be of the inherent power of the organization to which a particular person belongs that makes other people behave in a particular manner Lastly, expert power is that which is derived from the special knowledge, skill, or ability that a particular individual possesses (Cottam, Uhler, Mastors, & Preston 2004).The Role of the height subgenus Pastor There are several roles that need to be fulfilled by the British ground diplomatic minister being the national leader. The breadth of responsibilities include constitutional and procedural, appointments to ministerial and other senior posts, conduct of Cabinet and parliamentary business, the organization and efficiency of government, the figure and other economic decisions, and special foreign and defense functions (Mayne 1999 26).As can be discerned from the list of general roles taken by the primitive Minister, there are functions which are legislative and executive in nature. The top Ministers presence and determine is felt when it comes to form _or_ system of government formulation, which is in the decision-making process, and in policy implementation, which is the executive functions of the prime minister. For example, he or she has affairs to deal with in the decisions made scarce also has defense functions, which is under the executive process of the government.Another set of classification is also provided by Borthwick, Shell, and Williams (1995) wherein the Prime Minister is vested with responsibilities as the primary individual responsible for the operations of the government, the head of the fellowship to which he or she belongs, and the leader of the whole nation. There are different specific tasks that need to be accomplished in consideration of the different interests of the people to whom the prime minister is accountable to.It is also defined by Hayward and Menon (2003) that a seemingly prime ministerial government exists in Britain wherein the prime minister co-ordinates policy, resolves conflicts, and controls the main resources (67). In the definition previously provided in an attempt to straighten out the concept of power, it has been shown that the elements of power include possession of control in resources, an influence in the decision making process, and a voice in the stoppage of conflict.These are the three elements that could also be discerned from the functions and roles of the prime minister that are presented by Hayward and Menon (2003) and Mayne (1999). It can be concluded that the set of functions disposed here characterize the existence of power within the hands of the Prime Minister and the sources can be both formal and informal, as is followed in the definition of power in general. Where it all Comes From There are different sources of power that can be seen from the history of prime ministerial incumbency in Britain.Through the intricate network of relations formed from the organizational hierarchy of the government, it can be seen that there are three general sources of power that includes the conventions, the constitutional devices, and the arrangements that are present in the British government. From personal characteristics also comes a consideration of whether or not a particular individual is given the power to serve as the Prime Minister.There are four characteristics, which include 1) the name and status in the society or an organization together with what an individual can do 2) perceived link wi th success in terms of politics 3) acceptance of the public and 4) a relatively high position in the party, parliamentary party, and government (Poguntke & Webb 2005 37). While these can not be considered as the direct sources of power, it serves as among the characteristics that are seen as bases whether power is given to an individual or not.This is important because these are requirements or prerequisites that are seen to be the main characteristics of the people that are vested with the powers of the Prime Minister. Likewise, it can be seen that these bases for the acquisition of power is not framed in the genius nor is it determined through the formal lines of government but are the nates elements being considered in the natural selection process. However, it should also be noted that not everyone who fits these conditions become Prime Ministers.This is because there are other forms of standards are present that limits only one individual to be considered reformful as th e Prime Minister. To a certain extent, it can be utter that the Prime Minister is considered to be an elected monarch butterfly and draws certain powers from the Royal Crown of the domain of a function (Borthwick, Shell, & Williams 1995). The approval and acceptance of the monarch has been an important factor in maintaining the power that is within the reach of the Prime Minister.Over the years, the manner through which the monarch is selected has evolved in such a way that in the beginning, it is the personal affiliation of the person to the monarch that mattered but in the twentieth century, it became the credentials and nicety of the person that is considered by the monarch (Borthwick, Shell, & Williams 1995). While todays monarch do not hold as much power and influence as those that existed in the past, they are still given the chance to voice out their concerns over the affairs of the government especially with the selection of the key leaders of the country.It has be en through traditional considerations and the influence that the monarch has that renders them to still be powerful for certain decisions made in the country. In addition to this, the Prime Minister is tasked to report to the monarch every week in consideration of the monarchs possession of the right to be consulted, the right to encourage and the right to warn (Williams 1998 165). There are still powers and rights that are given to the monarch that the Prime Minister could not ignore and should continuously take into account for the former could easily use its power against the Prime Minister.In addition to this, it is argued by Harrison and Boyd (2006) that the major development strengthening PM power over the last century have been mainly political quite an than constitutional (34-5). Politically speaking, the power of the Prime Minister is related to the party that wins in the support of Common, which is considered to be a source of power for the Prime Minister (Borthwick, Sh ell, & Williams 1995). The largest party wins in the House of Common and the person who serves as the leader of the said party is appointed as the Prime Minister with the approval of respective authorities in the land.Just the same as the Prime Minister reports to the monarch, he or she is likewise responsible to the House in lieu of the need to maintain the power that is vested upon him or her. There are several expectations that need to be fulfilled as a Prime Minister that would continuously be within the shoulders of the incumbent. Moreover, another source of power for the Prime Minister is the assignment of being the First noble of the Treasury where the two positions are often associated with one another (Goodnow 2005). The responsibilities of the said office give the Prime Minister another area from where his or her power could stem from.Conclusion Power is considered to be the influence in the decision-making process, the control over the resources, and the force exerted over the behavior and actions of other people. In general, there are five sources of power that is categorized according to how power is deliver the goods and maintained. Placed in the context of the British government, power is considered in the roles of the Prime Minister. There are general roles that are fulfilled by the individual who is incumbent to the said position, which is being the head of the state, government, and the parliament.The powers of the Prime Minister are also earned through the monarch and the positions assigned of him or her. There are different limitations to the extent of control exhibited by the monarchy today but it remains to be ingrained in the British society and it can still place several pressures on the Prime Minister and the power of the same. In addition to this, there are also personal characteristics that are held as important for the position. Indeed, the powers of the Prime Minister stem from different sources, which are both formal and info rmal.The broad range from which power is sourced out is considered to be an implication of the need for a clear delineation of the powers and functions of the British Prime Minister. List of References Bob, P. , Asherman, I. , Aherman, S. , and Randall, J. (2001) The Negotiation Sourcebook. Amherst, MA HRD Press. Borthwick, R. L. , Shell, D. , and Williams, R. (1995) Churchill to Major The British Prime Ministership Since 1945. NY M. E. Sharpe, Inc. Cottam, M. , Uhler, B. , Mastors, E. and Preston, T. (2004) entree to Political Psychology.Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Cronkhite, C. (2008) Criminal Justice Administration Strategies for the 21st Century. Sudbury, MA Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Denhardt, R. , Denhardt, J. and Aristigueta, M. (2001) Managing Human Behavior in Public and Nonprofit Organizations. capital of the United Kingdom SAGE. Fahlbusch, E. , Bromiley, G. , and Barrett, D. (1999) The Encyclopedia of Christianity (A-D). Michigan Wm. B. Eerdmans Publ ishing Company. Fisher, K. (1999) Leading Self-Directed Work Teams A Guide to Developing New Team Leadership Skills. NY McGraw-Hill. Goodnow, F.(2005) relative administrative Law An abbreviation of The Administrative Systems, National And Local, Of The United States, England, France, And Germany. NY G. P. Putnams Sons. Harrison, K. and Boyd, T. (2006) The ever-changing Constitution. Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press. Hayward, J. and Menon, A. (2003) Governing Europe. Oxford Oxford University Press. Mayne, A. (1999) From Politics Past to Politics Future An Integrated Analysis of Current and Emergent Paradigms. Westport, CT Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. Morgan, G. (2006) Images of Organization. London SAGE. Pfeffer, J.and Salancik, G. (2003) The External cover of Organizations A Resource Dependence Perspective. Stanford, CA Stanford University Press. Poguntke, T. and Webb, P. (2005) The Presidentialization of Politics A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies. Oxford Oxford U niversity Press. Shortell, S. and Kaluzny, A. (1997) Essentials of Health Care Management. NY Thomson Delmar. Timby, B. & Smith, N. (2007) Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing. Philadelphia PA Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Williams, A. (1998) UK Government and Politics. Oxford Heinemann Educational Publishers.

Modernity and the Notions of Public Interest Essay

This paper examines the meaning of modernity and the traffic between the nonions of cosmos engross, ethics and law. By giving an example that raises this issue further, the realm of morality, lord ethics and law is discussed and whether their spheres of jurisdiction would all overlap. It in addition explores the meanings and definitions of the key considerations that argon of most concern for this topic, and how they relate or dissent from each other. A Singaporean example is excessively sh testify as evidence to support the discussion. Finally, a counter argument is provided with a reasonable response that follows with this argument.While students and philosophers incur defined modernity in different flairs, the emergence of modernity is besides a very important aspect of the term. Before modernity came into prominence, in that respect were the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. The essence of modernity layabout be seen in human beings toleranting itself from the b onds of the Middle Ages in that it frees itself to itself (Heidegger, Young, &amp Haynes, 2002). modernism refers to human beings starting to rationalize and think for themselves, rather than the traditional way of living life by the rules and teachings of their religion.In simpler terms, it is a shift from spiritual beliefs to scientific distinguishledge, as in man thinking by his own free will for himself. The stronghold of the Christian church decreased over the flock and science began to be more accepted. The criticism of modernity is that it rattling imprisons rather than liberates. groundbreakingity gives rise to peoples opinion and free speech. Therefore, with free speech, restrictions are put into place to protect the freedom of the populace.The term modernization refers to the increasing use of science and new technologies, and the political, social and ethnical changes that followed through from these developments of modernization (Mann, 2010). Hence modern part nership is considered modern because of quick change which is the essence of modern society (Nester, 2010). Todays society and way of thinking all flourished from modernity. The use of science and technology, the need to watch all things in life through scientific study and experiment are all traits of what makes modern society modern.Therefore, it promotes a more rational, scientific worldview as religion, superstition and tradition lost their hold over customary life. With modern thinking, public interest, ethics, law and so on, all of which were taking anteriority among people in their everyday life and also professionals so that every superstar can live in harmony in a liberal parliamentary society. Public interest is what is justified toward the public which may be against any(prenominal) immediate individual persons interest (Downs, 1962). A commonplace explanation for ethics would be that it is concerned with doing the undecomposed thing in a moral sense.Fieser (2001) described ethics as systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong behaviour, while Spence (2005) said that it is a set of rules and virtues of character that guides inter private conduct (Breit, 2007). The Law is a set of rules for society, to protect peoples basic rights and freedoms and to treat them fairly (OrganizationOfAmericanStates, 2007). Certain situations that are of the publics concern can also be an h hotshotst and legal matter, such(prenominal) as illegal abortions.Abortions are illegal in most countries and hitherto so, some women still require it for the sake of their own well-being. Thus, doctors have to face up their own code of ethics in dealing with these issues. This matter is also of public interest because this issue has been an ongoing debate and the public are always concerned about it. In the Singapore context, the case of the ex-MOE scholar, Jonathan Wong having cozy relations with a minor makes a good example that raises this topic. The scholar from the Ministry of Education was at starting time charged with possessing child pornography in Britain which lead to investigations.The investigations then lead to reveal that he had devolve onual relations with an underage girl (Channel News Asia, 2012). Although the first charge in 2010 was not a public interest matter, the second charge this year fire public interest. Aside from the illegality of the case, it sparked public interest due to him being a scholar with the publics taxpayer money. The MOEs code of ethics was considered for appointing this student for a scholar. So how do morality, professional ethics and law differ from each other? Morality is an individuals own personalized belief that differentiates right from wrong.It is an individuals own personal character. original ethics is a standard or code of behaviour judge by a group to which the individual belongs to. Morality is a personal trait while ethics is more concerned in the orbit of pr ofession. Law, however, is another different matter from both morality and professional ethics. merely in some cases, their fields of jurisdiction do overlap with one another. In the course reader, Breit (2007) pointed out the ethical dilemma of a diary keeper on whether to report a story which is in the public interest.The ethical dilemma the journalist faced was due to the embargo of the news, whether to respect it or let the public know about the news immediately. There was also fear of getting sued for not respecting the embargo and for not fulfilling the duty as a journalist. These were the dilemmas that this journalist faced in which the different jurisdictions overlap with one another. Coming back to the example of the case of the ex-MOE scholar, it is illegal to have sex with a minor. This also led to public interest because he was a scholarship student of MOE by taxpayers money.Ethical issues were raised on the MOEs side of the case for choosing this kind of person as thei r scholar and this reflects disadvantageously for the ministry. As for the opposing argument, What reasons might be given for thinking that the revelation of a persons sexual misconduct serves the public interest? (Archard, 1998) From the liberalism side of the argument, it states that neither society, government nor anyone else has the rightful(prenominal) authority to tell people what they do in the privacy of their own homes. Each person has rightful authority over how they conduct their own lives in private.Therefore the public does not need to know about all of the intimate expand about the case. Although the counter argument is reasonable, the public should have the right to know about this issue because this person was accused for misusing the taxpayers money and dealt with actions of misconduct and bust the law in not one but two countries. The first charge was for possessing child pornography while he was studying in Britain and the second was for having sexual relation s with a minor in Singapore. Modern thinking has lead to opinions on morality, ethics and law, as well as issues about public interest.Open critical discussions and evaluation of issues that arise from such issues given above is a crucial part of a well democracy. In a way, the standards of public interest, ethics and law in each country determines the modernity of the society.

Tupac

there are some conspiracy theories concerning the life and shoemakers last of Tupac Shakur. Tupac Amaru Shakur was an Ameri corporation rapper and actor. Tupac was born spic-and-span York, New York, United States on 16 June 1971. His birth name was Lesane Parish Crooks. Tupac was killight-emitting diode on September 13, 1996, in Las Vegas, Nevada. There have been m each different stories round his death. People say he is still alive and then pile said he is dead. There have also been people proverb his death was caused because of his medication and the Illuminati killed him.Various conspiracy theorists through step up the public believe that the Illuminati killed Tupac because he was exposing them and also not promoting the ideals that they desired. The ways Tupac exposed the Illuminati was one way by his lyrics in his strainings, for example in one of his melodic phrases it says im seeinin demons hittin weed got me hearin screams scared to go to sleep, watch the scene like a dope-fiend peobably be punished for it (exposing the Illuminati), thiugh you cant ignore it.I live the life of a thug nigga, and part for it niggaz pass the clip and watch me bring em to the floor I got some shit that they aint ready for (what you got? ) I got the unknownz of was (about the illuminati). opposite example of how Tupac exposed the Illuminati in his lyrics is another song he wrote, he said Busters dhot me louvre times, real niggaz dont die lurch ya hear me? Laced with this game, I know you fear me spit the recondite to war, so (Illiminati) cowards fear me my only fear of death is renicarnation heart of a solider with a brain to teach your whole nation (about the illuminati) And feelin no more than pain. Another example of how Tupac exposed the Illuminati was by using symbols in his music videos, album cover pictures, and etc. Illuminati symbols are branched across many things you come across in your everyday life. The pryamid, the completely seeing eye (of Horus or Lucifer (Represents the knowledge Lucifer gave to the secret Societies)), the using of the reproof horns with your hands, the flashing if a 666 by using the symbol for okay. Tupacs final album was called The Don Killuminati The 7 daytime Theory. The theme of all the songs had to do with the Illuminati.Before going to prison, Tupac was conveying the ideals such as thug life, drinking, having sex, and other ideals that the people wanted to hear. Tupac had been to jail many times before. In 1995, Tupac garbled his temper when he was cut from a film and was arrested when he assaulted the films director. Also, in 1995, a jury convicted him of sexual abuse and sentenced him to four and a fractional years in prison. After eight months in prison Shakur was lossd when Suge Knight, crack of Death Row Records, paid his one-million-dollar bail.After the last time he got out of jail, he was more of a Christian came out of prison as a changed man. In 1994 Tupac was against the Ill uminatis concepts also. Tupac started promoting more positive ideas very in effect due to the amount of respect he gained. He was then considered a threat to the Illuminati leading people to believe that this may have led to the Illuminati plotting his death. The develop workforcet of the Illuminati was founded on May 1, 1776, in Ingolstadt (Upper Bavaria) and became known as the govern of the Illuminati, with an initial membership of 5, by Jesuit-taught Adam Weishaupt (d. 830), who was the very first prepare professor of canon law at the University of Ingolstadt. It was made up of freethinkers as a descendant of the Enlightenment and appears to have actually been modeled on the Freemasons. The Illuminatis members took a vow of silence and pledged obedience to their superiors. multitude members were split into 3 primary sections, each with a way out of qualifications, and tons of Illuminati chapters drew membership from other Masonic lodges. (Illuminati History) Originally Weis haupt had planned the determine to be named the Perfectibilists.The group has also been called the Bavarian Illuminati and its ideology has been called Illuminism. Many prestigious intellectuals and progressive politicians counted themselves as members, including Ferdinand of Brunswick and the diplomat Xavier von Zwack, the second-in-command of the order. The order had branches in most European countries it reportedly had around 2,000 members over the span of ten years. It attracted literary men such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Johann Gottfried Herder and the reigning dukes of Gotha and Weimar. In 1777 Karl Theodor became ruler of Bavaria.He was a proponent of Enlightened Despotism and his government banned all secret societies including the Illuminati. Internal rupture and panic over succession preceded its downfall, which was affected by the Secular Edict made by the Bavarian government. The March 2, 1785 purchase order seems to have been deathblow to the Illuminati in B avaria. Weishaupt had fled and documents and internal correspondences, seized in 1786 and 1787, were subsequently published by the government in 1787. Von Zwacks home was searched to disclose much of the groups literature. There are also theories about Tupac faking his death, and he is still alive.The 7 Day Theory is an idea pushed by the proponents that attempt to find the smallest elaborate of any situation in order to provide more support for the conspiracy. This prove is very disputable, because some bequeath slightly alter details in order to gain the evidence needed. Deep personal research is suggested when inspecting the details of the 7 Day Theory. The repetition of an occurrence of mos can slip by anytime. The Number 23, a movie from New Line Cinema, mentioned multiple occurrences of the number 23. Using these occurrences of numbers for support is weak and quite silly.Some believers of the conspiracy party favour to point out the 7 Day Theory. A main emphasis of th at is the title of one of his albums, The Don Killuminati The 7 Day Theory. Many move of his life and death bring about suspicion that focuses on the number 7. It is noticed that Tupac survived 7 geezerhood after he was pang. He was shot on the 7th of September and managed to stay alive until the 13th. That is seven days if you include the day he was shot. Others also notice that he was officially announced dead at 403 p. m. As we know, four confident(p) three equals seven. Tupac, aka Makaveli, died at the age 25.His age of death is another mark factor that relates two numbers adding up to 7. Two plus five happens to equal seven. Another coincidence that is suspect to this significance of 7 is the outlet date of All Eyez on Me. Tupac died exactly seven months after the release of the album, which was released on February 13, 1996. Tupac died on September 13, 1996 (Scott, 1997). One of the major components of the conspiracy theories is the lyrics of Tupacs songs. Many believe that Pac left us clues about, and even foretelling, his death. By examining bits and pieces of his music, conspiracists hope to extract a deeper meaning to them as a whole.One song he wrote was named Ambitionz az a Ridah, the lyrics were Blast me but they didnt finish, didnt diminish my powers so now Im fundament to be a muthaf*&kin menace, they cowards thats wherefore they tried to set me up, had b*tch a*s niggas on my team up so indeed they wet me up, but Im can reincarnated. Many believers take this statement to suggest Tupac was reincarnated as Makaveli. Another song he wrote was Blasphemy, the lyrics were Im contemplating thoughts, wondering the thought to go, Brotha getting shot plan of attack back resurrected. Here, a direct statement about coming back is made.One last song was Only Fear of Death, the lyrics were Never will I die, Ill be back. Here is a third instance in which Tupac implies his resurrection. On multiple accounts, he mentions a plot but never specif ies his plan of action. There are many conspiracy theories concerning the life and death of Tupac Shakur. Many say the Illiminati killed him, and then theres theriors that he faked his death, and he is living in cuba. Citations BallerStatus. com. BallerStatus. com. Ronnie Gamble, 24 Aug. 2009. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. <http//www. ballerstatus. com/2009/08/24/tupac-vs-the-illuminati-hmmmm-is-there-more-behind-this/>.Houston, Akil. Shakur, Tupac. Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-first Century. Ed. Paul FinkelmanNew York Oxford UP, 2008. Oxford African American Studies Center. Fri Nov 02 005944 EDT 2012. <http//www. oxfordaasc. com/article/opr/t0005/e1089>. Illuminati History Secrets. Illuminati History. Illuminati History, 2012. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. http//www. illuminatihistory. net/. Illuminati. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 28 Oct. 2012. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Illuminati.

Y176 Tma01

Describe the three unalike kindleing styles and discourse how they might impact on nipperrens doings. Use the module materials to garnish your answer. travail 1 indecision 1 occlusion 1 It is non only parenting styles that faeces impact on a kidskins demeanor, other factors such changes in a baby birds animateness puke too affect behaviour p subprogramtariat 1 Question 2 Evidence for take d deliver 1 Colloby et al. (2012, ch 2) With the focal family in the countersign doubting Thomass behaviour since world diagnosed with having a hearing mischief has had a significant deed on the family. Colloby et al. 2012, ch 2) Thomas was introduced to a linguistic process and language therapist. Task 1 Question 1 Point 2 Early scholarship stages of a peasants life can piddle an impact on childrens behaviour Task 1 Question 2 Evidence for point 2 Colloby et al. (2012, p. 42) states Swiss life scientist and psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) is renowned for his 4-stag e model of child organic evolution that linked childrens behaviour to different stages of organisement Colloby et al. (2012, p. 42) shows a t subject of Piagets first deuce stages of cognitive development and how these relate to key characteristics of childrens play Colloby et al. (2012, p. 3) Russian psychologist, Vygotsky (1896-1934) argued that Piaget had underestimated the role of language and social interaction in cognitive development and that children learn best in a social context with a to a greater extent knowledgeable other someone who can support and get on them in their learning Colloby et al. (2012, p. 43) states Vygotsky believed that learning occurs when a child is supported by a nonher person to do what they could not do alone. He called this the zona of proximal development. Colloby et al. (2012, p. 44) states Feund (1990) conducted a study where young children were involved in placing furniture in dolls house. She concluded that playing aboard a more knowledg eable other helped the child to achieve the conterminous step in their own learning thereby achieving something they could not cause done alone Task 1 Question 1 Point 3 Transition in childrens lives can impact on their behaviour when a transition to daycare or prepare occurs. Task 1 Question 2 Evidence for point 3 Colloby et al. (2012, p. 47) states child care professionals play an important role in the lives of the twenty-first century family for a number of reasons Colloby et al. (2012, p. 7) states it is much more common for two parents to go reveal to work, either full or part time, and so children may be accessing day-care throttletings for at least some of the time, before they go to school Task 1 Question 1 Point 4 The involvement of professionals and having to plant new relationships can impact on a childs behaviour Task 1 Question 2 Evidence for point 4 Colloby et al. (2012, ch 2) the son Thomas has had to piddle new relationships and adapt to changes that he is n ot beaten(prenominal) and comfortable with. With the involvement of professionals Thomas was introduced to a nomenclature and language therapist Task 1 Question 3The focus of this try bulge is to describe the three parenting styles and to discuss how they might impact on childrens behaviour. The three parenting styles are authoritarian parent, an authoritative parent and a bailable parent. I am in any case going to describe other factors that may impact on childrens behaviour, such as changes in a childs life, the involvement of professionals in childrens lives, the early learning stages and also the transition children experience when having to detach from their primary carer to attend day-care or school. Authoritarian parents are considered as being condition, strict and controlling.Rules are set and they expect their child to follow them. They give not allow the child to make any choices or decisions of their own. They use a tough disciplined technique. The rules imposed are not open to negotiation with the child. They often impart not explain the reasons why the rules are being imposed and also enforce their own punishment when a rule is broken. Similar, only different to, is the authoritative parent. They are also defined as strict but they get hold of more of an understanding approach to their child when boundaries have been broken.The parent will set boundaries, rules and guidelines that are plausible rather than enforce surreal ones. They will explain to the child the reasons why they are being introduced, should they broken, they will also issue non-punitive punishments. The third style is a permissive parent. They fill in their childs developmental and emotional needs but they have difficulty imposing rules and setting boundaries. This style teaches the child that rules do not have to be followed. They are also described as being soft and too easy going. Permissive parents become a booster rocket rather than a parent and tend to give in to their child very easily.A childs behaviour can be both good and bad, so parenting styles can have a positive and a negative effect on a child. Majority of childrens behaviour problems take place during times of change and transition, this is a natural onward motion of development. Child psychiatrist and educator Rudolph Dreikurs (1897-1972), believed that all humans, as social beings, unavoidableness to belong and be accepted by others. He identified four goals for misbehaviour attention, power, revenge and display of inadequacy Colloby et al. (2012, p. 62). With the focal family in Colloby et al. 2012, ch 2) the care of Dreikurs four goals for misbehaviour gave Cara a better understanding of both her children. Cara was able to reflect on this information, and was able to take an impartial and objective waitress at her childrens behaviour and address it. Initially the parenting style both Cara and Alastair were trying to establish with Thomas and Rowanna, had a disciplined a pproach, however, as they lived with Alastairs mum Diane, she had a soft approach, and this did not help the situation as Diane would give in to their every needs, she adopted more of a permissive style.Children in this situation can get confused and frustrated not knowing which is right and which is wrong. Children require consistency as this can greatly impact on how they grow and develop. As well as the overall parenting style, familys lives are affected by turn outside factors, such as changes in a childs life can also affect behaviour. With the focal family in Colloby et al. (2012, ch 2) the son Thomass behaviour since being diagnosed with having a hearing impairment has had a significant effect on the family.Thomas has had to build new relationships and adapt to changes that he is not familiar and comfortable with. With the involvement of professionals Thomas was introduced to a speech and language therapist. In addition to the sessions they carry out together, Cara and Alas tair play an important role carrying out further exercise and activity sessions at home. The home sessions became mundane and tedious, and Thomas was getting upset because he no longer wanted to do them.Early learning stages of a childs life can create an impact on childrens behaviour as Swiss biologist and psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) is renowned for his four-stage model of child development that linked childrens behaviour to different stages of development Colloby et al. (2012, p. 42). Russian psychologist, Vygotsky (1896-1934) believed that learning occurs when a child is supported by another person to do what they could not do alone. He called this the zone of proximal development. Colloby et al. (2012, p. 43).Whilst I agree with Piagets first two stages of cognitive development, the sensori-motor stage, whereby infants 0-2years will implement play and be allowed to explore and experience things for themselves, and the pre-operational stage, 2-7years, when a childs play will replicate their own experiences, and they will see things from their own perspective using their own imagination, I also agree with Vygotskys beliefs that children can copy a person and learn from them. Some children can be further developed than others and so a child more conversant in play can assist with another childs development.Transition in childrens lives can impact on their behaviour when a transition to daycare or school occurs. In nine today it is much more common for both parents to go out to work, Colloby et al. (2012, p47) and so the need for childcare facilities increases. Childcare professionals play an important role in the lives of the twenty-first century family for a number of reasons, Colloby et al. (2012, p. 47). An example of this could be a child possibly needing to attend day-care before they attend school so parent(s) are able to continue with their careers.By accessing the day-care placement, a child would be allocated a key person. The role of the key person is for the child to develop a bond with them so that they will make them feel right and secure. The choice of parenting style is crucial to a childs psychological and social development. Baumrind suggested that the majority of parents display one of three different parenting styles, Colloby et al. (2012, p. 70). The elect style should provide a loving, supporting and disciplined approach to build a healthy and happy child.A parents behaviour towards a child can potentially impact significantly on his or her wellbeing. The style is generally based on how they were reared themselves, or, it can be as a result of this that they choose another. It can also be chosen as a result of the society in which they live, their ethnicity or their pagan groups. Word Count 1,079 References Colloby, J. , Collins, J. , Conradie, L. , McKeogh, S. and Shelton, I. (2012) Understanding children and young people, Milton Keynes, The Open University.

Ex Poser Extensive Reading

ENGLISH TEST 8th Grade/ direct 4 March 2011 aepas 2010/2011 Name __________________________________________ Number _____ Class ____Teacher ______________________ _________________ Reduzido Nao Sat Satisfaz Sat. Bastante Excelente Enc. Ed. _____________________ Enc Ex prickle by Paul Jennings 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 There be both rich kids in our variate. Sandra Morris and Ben Fox. They are both snobs. They think they are too good for the rest of us. Their parents begin big cars and big houses. some(prenominal) of them are quiet. They keep to themselves. I guess they dont want to mix with the ruffians same(p) me.Ben Fox always separates expensive gym shoes and the latest fashions. He thinks he is good-looking with his grungy eye and blond hair. He is a real poser. Sandra Morris is the same. And she knows it. Blue eyes and blonde hair too. Skin standardized silk. why do some kids get the best of e re each(prenominal)ything? Me, I get pimples. Ive used e trulything I nom inate on them. But st ominous they develop and grow and burst. Just when you dont want them to. Its not fair. Anyway, today I go the chance to even things up. Boffin is bringing along his latest invention a deceitfulness sensor. Sandra Morris is the victim.She agreed to try it disclose because ever soyone knows that she would never suppose a lie. What she doesnt know is that Boffin and I are going to ask her some rattling embarrassing questions. Boffin is a b precipitate. His inventions always work. He is smarter than the teachers. Everyone knows that. And now he has brought a long his latest effort. A lie detector. He tapes dickens wires to Sandras arm. It doesnt hurt, he says. But it is deadly accurate. He switches on the shape and a exact needle swings into the middle of the dial. Heres a trial question, he says. Are you a girl? Sandra nods. You have to say yes or no, he says. Yes, replies Sandra. The needle swings everywhere to TRUTH. Maybe this thing really work s. Boffin gives a big grin. This time tell a lie. says Boffin. Are you a girl? he asks again. Sandra grimaces with that lovely smile of hers. No, she says. A little laugh goes up but then all the kids in the room gasp. The needle points to LIE. This lie detector is a rattling(a) invention OK, says Boffin. You only have seven questions, David. The batteries will go straight off after another seven questions. He sits down behind his machine and twiddles the knobs.This is going to be fun. I am going to find out a little bit somewhat Sandra Morris and Ben Fox. Its going to be very interesti ng. Very interesting indeed. I ask my first question. Have you ever kissed Ben Fox? Sandra goes red. Ben Fox goes red. I have got them this time. I am undisputable they have something going between them. I will expose them. No, says Sandra. Everyone cranes their be intimate to see what the lie detector says. The needle points to TRUTH. This is not what I expected. And I only have sixsome q uestions left. I cant allow her off the hook. I am going to expose them both. Have you ever held his hand? once again she says, No. And the needle says TRUTH. I am starting to feel guilty. Why am I doing this? I try another tack. Are you in love? I ask. A red flush starts to crawl up her neck. I am feeling really mean now. Fox is flush like a sunset. Yes, she says. The needle points to TRUTH I shouldnt have let the kids talk me into doing this. I decide to put Sandra and Ben out of their agony. I wont actually name him. Ill spare her that. Is he in this room? I say. She looks at the red Ben Fox. Yes, she says. The needle points to TRUTH. Has he got blue eyes? I ask. No, she says. brownness? I say. No, she says again. I dont know what to say next. I look at each kid in the manikin very carefully. Ben Fox has blue eyes. I was sure that she loved him. This thing doesnt work, I say to Boffin. I cant see one kid who doesnt have either blue eyes or brown eyes. We can says Boffi n. They are all looking at me. I can feel my face turning red now. I wish I could sink through the floor but I get on with my expiry question. Is he an idiot? I ask. Sandra is very embarrassed. Yes, she says in a voice that is softer than a whisper. And he has green eyes. I READING-COMPREHENSION A Say if the following statements are true (T) or imitative (F). Quote from the text to justify your answer. 1. Sandra and Ben Fox are upper class children. __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Sandra and Ben are very talkative and extrovert kids. __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Sandra has skin problems. __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Boffin bought a lie detector. _________________________________________________________________________________ ? ? ? ? B Match the sentences with the words ( compose the numbers inside the squares) SENTENCES WORDS name 1. form (line 1) 1 a) direction 2. ruffians (line 3) 2 b) wide smile 3. pimples (line 7) 3 c) sound made by surprised person 4. burst (line 7) 4 d) class 5. grin (line 18) 5 e) convince me 6. Gasp (line 20) 6 f) disadvantageously behaved people 7. Tack (line 32) 7 g) explode 8. Talk me into (line 35) 8 h) des make on skin C Read the following statements and find equivalent expressions in the text. 1.David has an opportunity to revenge himself. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The lie detector is extremely correct. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. David wants to bruise Sandra and Ben in public. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. David is certain that Sandra and Ben are having an affair. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. David cant make it calorie-free for Sandra. ____________________________________________________________________________________ D Give complete answers to these questions on the text. 1. What is Davids opinion about Ben and Sandra? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How does David describe himself? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Do you think David has a high self-esteem? Quote two sentences from the text to justify your answer. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why did Sandra agree to try the lie detector? __________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Sandra smiles with that lovely smile of hers (line 20). Comment on this sentence. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. I wish I could sink through the floor (line 45). How was David feeling at this point of the fib? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ II LANGUAGE FUNCTION A Complete with FOR or SINCE. 1. ________ two years 2. ________ two weeks 5. ________ one year . ________ last year 3. ________ six months 6. ________ 1999 8. ________ yesterday 4. ________ August B Choose the correct option and write the corresponding letter in t he blanks. 1) He _____ there when he was a child. 6) I _____ her since last year. a) has lived a) havent seen b) lived b) didnt see 2) They _____ a few minutes ago. 7) She _____ ill since Thursday. a) Left a) Was b) b) have left b) has been 3) I _____ the project last night. 8) _____ to capital of Italy? a) have finished a) Did you ever go b) finished b) Have you ever been 4) I cant get into my house because I _____ my keys. ) It stinks in here individual _____ smoking. a) Lost a) Was b) have lost b) has been 5) I _____ up smoking last year. 10) Ive known her since we _____ at school together. a) Gave a) Were b) have given b) have been C Complete with the PRESENT PERFECT or the SIMPLE PAST. David _____________________ 1(have) pimples sice he was 11 and he _________________________ 2(try) everything he can on them, but they ____________________ 3(not disappear) for three years. In the past, when he ________________ 4(be) younger, his skin _____________________ 5(not have) any pimp les and it _____________________ 6(look) like silk.D Look at Barrys plans for the weekend and form sentences about what hes going to do. exercising the expressions in the box. *listen to music *play chess *go on a picnic * deprive the house *go cycling * parry a meal 1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. _____________________________________________________________________ 5. _____________________________________________________________________ 6. _____________________________________________________________________E Read these sentences and choose the most appropriate answer. 1. Im so excited I my new dress on Friday night 2. Poor little thing Look at her face. She . a) am going to wear a) are going to cry b) will wear b) is going to cry c) wont wear c) will cry 3. You should have brought your umbr ella. Look at those dark clouds It a) isnt going to rain b) is going to rain c) will rain 4. -Ben is ill. Is he? I him tonight. 5. My cousins their holidays in London. I wish I could go with them a) will over win b) wont spend c) are going to spend 6. tomorrow we our old friend Michael in town.Were so excited a) arent going to act as b) are going to meet c) will meet 7. I hope Caroline likes Robert Redford. I her to the cinema. a) are going to beseech b) am going to invite c) will invite 8. I cant walk home. I a taxi. a) am going to call b) will call c) wont call a) will take b) wont take c) am going to take F Read the dialogue below and fill in with the correct form of the future . Bryce What ____________________________ (you/do) today? Diana I ___________________________ (clean) my room. Its a mess. Bryce Oh, but we have an exam on Monday. __________________________ (you/not study)?Diana Yeah, I know but I promised my mum. Oh dear, what shall I do? Well, I ____________ __________ (try) to talk to her. Bryce Wait I ___________________________ (help) you clean your room and then we can study together. What do you say? Diana __________________________________ (you/do) that for me? Bryce Of by nature What are friends for? Diana Oh thats really nice of you III WRITTEN proceeds Write a short summary of the story Ex Poser. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

Culture Assessment Essay

Culture can be defined as a set of learned beliefs, values, norms and materials goods sh bed by group people. It includes eachthing that an item-by-item adopts from a group in the process of living from infancy to hoary age. In the U. S and anywhere in the world, culture guides the social interactions amongst members of a society and influences the personal beliefs and values that shape an individual comprehension of their own environment (William E. T and Joseph H. 2005). Generally, cultural variations in homoy societies ar as a payoff of mark, ancestral, and religion disparities.William kufuor a middle olden man from the neighborhood but who subscribes to different cultural from virtually of the inhabitants of Miami was selected for an interview. He was supposed to reveal his beliefs values and norms concerning many situations in the U. S. The selected person is 35 years of age and his p arents are immigrants from western Africa who migrated to the U. S in the earlier 1950s and settled in Miami. He is a married man and works as an assistance professor in Chicago express university. His spouse is from Hispanic community who are also not immanent Americans.The couple is blessed with two beautiful children aged amid 5 years and 8 years. Although William was born and brought up in the U. S, he seems to be given so much towards African culture than the American culture. Kufuor as he is well known confesses to be a Christian and goes to church e really Sunday together with his married woman and children. His beliefs are that there exists a unconditional creature called God who created all of us that and who is provider of everything. William seems to be very concern about body contact and personal space between him and other people oddly those of the opposite sex.During the interview session he did keep a distance between me and him and whenever I tried to head for the hills closer he looked so much surprised. William like most American keeps an open space in between himself and his conversation partner. When offering greetings, Kufuor makes authoritative that there is minimal body contact and is most of the time he is very comfortable with a simple milkshake as contend to a hug or a kiss unless one is a very close relative and who is of the same sex except his wife only. This was evidenced when he moved away and offered a offered a handshake instead when a tried to hug him.William was believed to be one of the estrange African American, who may have discarded their ancestral beliefs and re readyd them with the American beliefs. This was because he was born in America, grew, schooled and associated with Native Americans but after the interviews, it was against the expectations of the researcher since, he behaved like a typical African in his own rural of origin. However, at home with his family the most used language was side, which was well spoken, indite and conversed by all family members although William spoke f luent French.William said that it was because his wife was from a different culture which was Hispanic and that she was only fluent in English made them use English as the only language at home. William kufuor also takes the father and husband role and provides for everything to the family members, this did not mean that the wife did not contribute towards the family income. At home however unlike many Africans, William could cook for the family and perform many household chores that demanded his attention but broadly speaking it was the wife who performed those household chores.When asked why he was liberal on let on concerning household chores since most people of the African culture believed that the kitchen was a place meant for women, William admitted that it was the countrys social structure that had influenced his way of doing things. He confessed that he had been influenced by his educational attainment, income and occupation. Thompson W. E and Joseph V. H (2005), Adams, J . Q. Pearlie S. A (2001) agree with Kufuor that it is not come-at-able to understand peoples behaviour without assessing their social class since the social position possesses a great influence on just about all our feelings.They further agree that ones religious beliefs are influenced by the social class, political affiliation, the foods he/she take, clothes worn and associations. Kufuor beliefs that most of the diseases that are taking the lives of many in the world immediately are lifestyle related and are only avoided by behavioral multifariousness. He argues that the communicable and non communicable diseases are mainly as a result of unhealthy eating behaviors. However, the African culture upholds traditional medicines and concoctions which they belief are effective in the treatment of ailments than the modern medicine provided in infirmarys. yet kufuor admitted that he had deviated from those beliefs because of the education and exposure that he had acquired. The health bang workers especially the nurses should treat people of this culture with a lot of love and care as well as emphasize with them so that they can change their perception towards healthcare facilities, since also these people prefer their indigenous foods as delicacies the nurses should provide them with the same but encourage them to diversify their intake so as to reduce the chances of getting deficiencies of some nutrients.The entire interview was jocund since we communicated and understood each other very well using the American English. But however some necessary information was not revealed by interviewee this may be because he was not prepared well during the entryway so as to create a rapport end be able extract as much information as possible from the interviewee. Kufuor beliefs that most of the diseases that are causing havoc in the world today are as a result of what we eat, drink and think. He and then argues that their solution not only lies in medication provided in the hospital but also in behavioral change among the affected.This involves minding what one eats and how he/she relates with the surrounding communities. Similary,kufuor feels that the hospital staff should also take a leading role in advising their clients both in-patient and out-patient about prevention measures of the super C ailments. Reference Thompson, William, Joseph hickey (2005). Society in focus. The culture of United States. Boston, M. A Pearson Adams, J. Q. Pearlie strother Adams (2001) Dealing with diversity Chicago, LL Kendall/hunt publishing company.

Easy Jet( Airline company) e-marketing strategies Essay

Founded in the year 1995 sonant spirt has been a truly fast growing attach to. In the year 1998 they exchange their first seat through the internet and as of now approximately 98% seats atomic number 18 sold online. This has made piano common one of the foremost in the internet retailing. One of the foremost reasons the company went online is because it wanted to reduce and distri moreovere costs. According to well-fixedJet.com (2008.a), the concept overview gives a overview of their e-marketing strategy, they ar as follows Reduction and distribution of costs which includes setting up their battle centres and manual labour. No tickets during travel. An email containing the appointment reference itself is enough to wag a programe. The further reduces tasks and costs of issuing, distribution, processing and reconciliation of tickets for every year. each(prenominal) operations ar paperless thereby make the internet all the to a greater extent useful for other business es such as management and administration purposes.Mc Govern.G (2004) mentions that the e-marketing strategy needs to be logical must have marrow and needs to have a lot of textual matter. In normal it has to be useful.The main reason for its success is eCommerce and the way it has been apply as a part of their business plan. The main reason for Easy Jets e-strategy was that the company wanted to scale down its predict centre operation and sell most of their tickets online (2001). The use of the website has made their fledges fifty-fifty cheaper when comp bed to their competitors.EasyJet.com (2008.b), gives an overview of the diametric ways that the internet is existence use and how the guests are being benefited, Customers who book online receive discounts for each leg of the journey. They make it a luff to put up all cheap flights online. Customers corporation search flights by fares and as well as view cheap flights that are avail satisfactory over cardinal weeks. Cus tomers back end make their bookings online. Make any flight transfers, name changes and can request duplicate confirmations by email. Customers can also reschedule their flight bookings. The website also offers online check in for its passengers. The guest also has the option of selecting amphetamine boarding which will en competent the passenger to board the flight in the beginning all the other passengers. There are exclusive promotions for customers who are booking online.E-strategy is aimed at selective targeting of customer groups for promotions. According to Chaffey.D (2007) e-marketing strategy includes Segmentation and Targeting. Online customers are from different demographic locations, their needs and even behaviours are different. So the same e-strategy needs to be open to mould itself to specific requirements of the customer. Differentiation and Positioning. It is also important that the online product gives appropriate value for money. Competitors will have differe nt value propositions and Easy Jet will have to be able to meet.Based on this round of the recommendations are as follows, The customer brute needs to be expanded, by giving the customer more promotional benefits of online booking. E-marketing should not be seen as the sole marketing strategy but must be integrated as a part of the big marketing plan for the company. Enhance the experience of online booking by religious offering benefits, advantages and promotions. Make online booking a priority not a necessity. As they will have to retain the customer base of internet users as well as non-users. Need to start tie ups with other airlines so that they can expand into other countries. Their strategy needs to be able to handle and adopt to competition of airlines and new business models strategies of other companies which may or may not include e-strategy. The service of handling customer complaints and feedbacks should be effectively managed. So that feedbacks are positive and th e complaints received are as stripped-down as possible. They should also have a plan in place if inflation occurs and if prices of products are affected. They need to be watchful with alternatives and substitutes. Change in political regulations and governments policies should have no or else minimal effect on the functioning of Easy Jet and its low prices. Easy Jet also needs to be environment friendly on and off air. They need to stack away their booking services by taking the technology of the internet to areas that do not have the facility.There are various kinds of e-tools that can be used on the internet. Some of the e-tools used by Easy Jet are listed below,    Websites so that customers can circuit breaker through the pages and book, cancel or transfer flights.    E-commerce to enable bookings online.There are other tools that are not being used by Easy Jet and these are listed as follows,    Email. So that customers can have their on personal Easy Jet email id for a more personals online service.    No chat and messenger service. A customer support executive can be online to divine service and guide the customer through the process of making transactions or else to assist in answering queries.    Communities and forums. These can help the customers to interact with other customers thereby enabling the company to understand and respect its services and customer satisfaction ratio.    The website can also include videos and tidy clips to help customers who are physically disabled to still be able to use the internet to make bookings.Dr Chaffey.D (2008) suggests that there needs to be some core framework for assessment and that should include the product details, price competencies, introduce e-commerce transactions across different sites and promotions. This will then keep the customer in the virtual world as happy as in the real world.       &nbs p    Easy Jet has a very has a very good future ahead but only if it can sell up on some recommendations to better itself in the long run.

Barney: Responding Essay

1. Between the journal entries from September 10th and 11th, the give away has trapped the scientist by biting the rope while he was in the well, so he is either dead or alive at the bottom of the well. 2. Tayloe was fired because of envenom trails leading up to Barneys dish, and in the scientists point of view, Tayloe tried to kill the rat because he sentiment he was getting too smart. The scientist rationalized on this thinking that this was under the process of alcohol, that the life on the island was too a lot for him, and that he lost his dago pigs.3. The real cause for the dismissal was because the rat tricked the scientist into firing him, by placing poison trails leading up to his dish. Barney needed to get rid of Tayloe for cardinal reasons. The first gear is Tayloe said Barney was getting too smart, so he was worried he would try and kill him. The wink is that Barney was already plotting to kill the scientist, and it would be much easier to do so with Tayloe gone. Foreshadowing of the surprise ending was He denied it. Who else and so?This would make you think of who would have actually tried to poison Barney of the two of them, even though it was neither. 4. One sample of derision in the second last paragraph is I have now replaced that section or rope and arranged some old sacking beneath it to retard recurrence of the accident. This is ironic because the scientist believed the rope was weathering because of the edge of the masonry, and in trying to muss the problem, he arranged sacking underneath the rope.But this will do no good, as the rat was biting the rope, and later gets him trapped in the well with the same strategy. In the same paragraph, another sample of irony is Perhaps I should fix myself a sandwich as I may be down there eight-day than seems likely at the moment. This is ironic because the scientist thinks he will be in the well longer than he hopes. But little does he know, he will be down there for the rest of his shor t life. In the final paragraph, ternary sample of irony is I sprayned my wrist is why this is written so bad.This is very ironic because this is the rat pretending to be the scientist so that cipher is fishy. But a sprained wrist doesnt affect spelling, may average slur a few words. 5. ? 6. The story is written in journal form because it has to have time between each paragraph. For example, there has to be a gap between the second last and last journal entry, for the point of view to change (scientist to rat). 7. Well, the reultz of my experimentt argh complete. The ratt turned very very smart. The end.

Poem of William Caslos William Essay

William Carlos Williams is a pioneer who creates a whole new land in American poetry. He is regarded as an important and influential poet because of his odd and usually plain style. The poem Poem is one of the most dramatic poems reflecting Williams style of writing. In this piece of work, Williams discusses a central railway line mingled with the mortality of life and immortality of inventionistic creation through the image of two blushs in nature and in poetry. It can be said that life is symbolized by the uprise, the central image and also the main theme of Poem.The real(a) go up and unreal one are skillfully used to arrange two factors the reality and the art. In nature, a rose which cannot avoid the rhythm method of time undergoes stages of nature normals. First, it germinates from a seed. Then, it grows up and blooms or blossoms. Next, it fades or discolored. Finally, it dies. The rose fades And is renewed again By its seed naturally (Williams, 1983). The issue of the rose fading show that life, no matter what forms, follows the nature changing rule and eventually fades away.Meanwhile, Williams uses the image of the rose in poem to esteem the art because the real rose will fade naturally but the rose of art keeps an ever-lasting beauty Save in the poem shall it go to father no diminution of its splendor (Williams, 1983). Generally, the whole poem presents the central contrast of nature versus art, death versus life and cycle of time versus perfection that lasts forever. With respect to the highlighted image of the rose in poetry, it can not be raise but lives forever and remains perfect, fresh, young, and beautiful regardless of time.It has the empowerment of splendor, perfection, and immortality. In fact, Williams intention after his words of praising the power of the rose in poem is to advocate the power of art in general. It seems that the poet gives prominence to art whose role is to inspire and guide people through curves of li fe convey to its beauty and significance of teaching truth, giving beauty and pleasure, shaping object lesson characters, showing power of language and showing human experience.

Acc/ 544 Internal Accountant Brief

ingrained restrainer Brief Candace Schneider ACC/544 April 15, 2013 Christine Errico infixed restrainer Brief When a lineage is experiencing an out-of- escort story organisation the business might make hiring an intimate control to serve slake the paradox. Before a play along decides to deal this type of control the connection should purport at the array of service this pleasing of controller mountainnister provide to the troupe. function of Internal Accountants An informal control brush off provide array of services to a business. whizz service an essential restrainer freighter provide to a lodge is achieveing an versed scrutinize on the business.Some of the scrutinises an cozy control nooky perform argon compliance canvass, functional audits, or financial description audits. obligingness canvass If a smart set hires an inseparable controller for a compliance audit the controller determines if the companys internal controls and report i s in compliance with company policies as salutary as laws and regulation. If the control finds that internal controls or the accounting information is not in compliance the accountant must(prenominal) determine the cause of the non-compliance as well(p)(p) as recommend ways the company can prevent future deviations (Cytraus, 2013, para. ). practicable Audit If a company hires an internal accountant for an operational audit the accountant measures the effectiveness and results of certain business procedures deep down the business (Farlex, 2013, para. 1). This type of audit is remote the compliance audit because this type of audit challenges assumptions and goals of procedures by moving toward improving force within the business (Farlex, 2013, para. 1). Financial account Audit If a company hires an internal accountant for a financial statement audit the ccountant determines if the preparation and reporting of financial statements by the company follows General recognized Ac counting Principles. separate Services Other services an internal accountant can provide to a business are examining a companys operations, analyse fraud, examining financial reporting, safeguarding as effects, checking for mismanagement of funds, and examining compliance of the laws and regulations set for the company. The employment of internal auditors supporters to improve a companys internal controls.Effective operative internal controls detect and prevent fraud, which internal auditors test to see if the controls are surgical operation appropriately. If the company still decides to hire an internal accountant, the company depart benefit from this finis in many ways. Benefits of Hiring an Internal Accountant Many benefits exist for a company when the company hires an internal accountant. Some of these benefits involve saving m hotshoty oer time, protect assets, improving performance, and ensuring accuracy of financial statements. redeeming(a) Money An internal accounta nt can help a business allay money over time.This is because the service an internal accountant provides saves the business from potential sub judice or financial issues. This leads a business to save more money over time than it costs to employ the accountant (Good Accountants, 2012, para. 2). Protection of Assets Every year businesses fall asleep billions of dollars because of employee theft. An internal accountant can help alleviate this problem by installing a form of internal controls into the business. The accountant can also monitor the governing body to ensure no opportunities exist in the system that might tempt an employee to purloin from the company (Good Accountants, 2012, para. ). Along with installing and supervise the system an internal accountant can perform random checks on the system to ensure that the internal controls are surgical procedure appropriately. Improving Performance An internal accountant can improve a companys performance by change magnitude the companys value when the accountant critically analyzes the companys efficiency. An accountant does this by performing an operational audit of the company. This type of audit can help determine whether the company markets its products and services in effect at competitive rates as well as if the company is coming upon its short and long-term financial goals.Ensuring trueness of Financial Statements Auditing financial statements by a Certified Public Accountant (certified public accountant) can offer value to a company. These audits puts a companys investors at liberalisation in have it offing the companys books are accurate as well as the information in the financial statements are accurate. These audits can lead lenders to visit ones company as more reputable, which can lead to get off interest rates for the company when acceptation (Good Accountants, 2012, para. 5). After a company determines the remove for an internal accountant the company must find the right internal accountant for the job.Recommendation One recommends hiring an individual who is a CPA with several years of experience in this plain of accounting. This is because the individual will hire to have the experience to correct the companys out-of-control system as well as provide additional services the company may need. These services will help the company make sure decisions for the company to exceed and be profitable. One individual in mind to elaborate the problem of ones out-of-control system is John Tongren. This is because Tongren has experience in this field of accounting and auditing.Tongren specializes in management control process and the impact of technology on their effectiveness (Tongren, n. d. , para. 1). He also has internationalist recognition for his expertise in the audit and control aspects of information systems (Tongren, n. d. , para. 1). By one hiring this individual one will know that this individual will solve the problem right as well as inform the compan y on how to fall out the business functioning effectively and efficiently for the company to exceed and be profitable. References Cytraus, A. (2013). Compliance Auditing.Retrieved from http//www. referencefor business. com/encyclopedia/Clo-Con/Compliance-Auditing. html Farlex. (2013). Operational Audit. Retrieved from http//financial-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/operational+audit Good Accountants. (2012). Benefits of Hiring an Accountant for Internal Audits. Retrieved from http//www. goodaccountants. com/blog/2012/11/benefits-of-hiring-an accountant-for-internal-audits/ Tongren, J. D. (n. d. ). Operational Auditing Adding appraise to Organizations Digital Seminar. Mission Viejo, CA Pleier Corporation.

Ordinary Or Proportionate Care

In medical examination ground, ordinary or symmetrical cargon, which is beneficial, useful, and not unreasonably burdensome to the patient, is mor on the wholey obligatory. On the opposite hand, extraordinary or disproportionate cargon, which may include exotic, experimental, or excessively burdensome discussions that are improb equal to benefit a patient or that include unreasonable be intercourse to benefits, is not morally obligatory, though a patient may choose to play it.The categories of proportionate and disproportionate care in that respectfore, reserve us to navigate between devil dangerous extremes the fundamentals that would withdraw us preserve conduct at all costs by each way of life necessary without regard for the burdens imposed on the patient, and the fatalism that would tempt us to give up on gravely ill patients in the beginning their time and violate their rights to life and elemental care.In the case of Roger Allen, his directive not to support surgery anymore if there is no guarantee that he lead line up and assume a normal life is based on his right as an individual to decide what he wants to do with his body and to be protected from unwelcome interference from others. In his perspective, Mr. Allen may be thinking that the burdens of treatment in terms pain, effort and costs are disproportionate relative to the anticipated benefits of the treatment.In the first place, there is no guarantee that the surgery bequeath restore his health. If it fails, either he pull up stakes die or he lives, still to be a burden to his twain daughters and relatives in terms of financial costs as well as efforts of caregiving, not to mention the emotional pain that his daughters and relatives will be experiencing due to his condition. On the other hand, if we look at the daughters perspective, it is only inhering that they will try to exhaust any means to save their comes life.If surgery fails and in the end their father dies, at lea st their minds and hearts are at peace knowing that they have d bingle their best to save him alternatively than being tormented for the rest of their lives with the predilection that they could have tried at that slender chance to save him. In my smell however, the request of the daughters to monitor their fathers condition after surgery for half-dozen months is too long. I think one to two months would be long enough. By that span of time, the medical professionals would be able to assess if there is improvement and a chance that the father will recover.Also in that span of time, the daughters decision may similarly change considering the physical, mental and emotional bell that they had experienced in the care of their father. On the part of the doctor, I think that he has no other choice just now to insist the fathers wish. He himself, cannot guarantee the success of the surgery and medical treatment may only be prolonging the agony of everyone concerned. Furthermore, in his perspective, discontinuing medical procedures that are burdensome, dangerous, extraordinary, or disproportionate to the expected gist can be real.No doubt, Mr. Allens treatment falls under this category since the symptomatic tests reveal significant brain disparage and internal bleeding of unknown origin, requiring alpha surgery. In his case, one does not will to cause death ones inability to blockade it is merely accepted. The decision is made by the patient himself assuming that he is adapted and able or, if not, by those legally authorise to act for the patient, whose reasonable will and legitimate interests must always be respected.

British Airways Management of Company Finance

Ahoussou kouadio Jean Christian schoolchild number 2522706 Management of association pay Analysis of the mo give the sackary structure of British Airways Name of professor Tony Kilmister British airways is one(a) of the most valuable company in the world that is why I waste on her. With the aim to evaluate the proportion of debt in British airways, we forget study his financial gear mechanism income gearing and capital gearing. In order to calculate the companys capital gearing according to the view as time grade, we need especi eithery the take account of the coarse- termination and short-term seize onings and the range of stockholders funds.But, there is any(prenominal)(prenominal) different statutes which arises about issues the feature that the track record order is depress than the grocery store value (the first formula) and readinesss trick be considered either as liabilities or assets (the blink of an eye formula), depending on firm. Then I go o ut calculate the Weighted Average approach of dandy. In 2004, the way of doing the repose sheets changed thats why there be some residues between twain reports. trip &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&82121 Measure of the gearing and income proportionalityPart &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 &8212&8212&8212&8212-2 Measure of the debt and equity base upon the commercialise value Part &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&82123 tenderness of the WACC. I) Measure of gearing and income symmetrys We will take those expressions 1. Debt to equity ratio= wide term Liabilities/Shareholdersfunds 2. Debt to debt plus equity ratio=LTL/(LTL+ Shareholdersfunds) 3. Long Term Bo rrowings/Shareholders funds a) gear wheel Ratio large(p) adapt = LTL / Shareholders money 2006 2005 2004 expectant cogwheel 259. 75% 437. 6% 590. 7% To set an upper ratio we can incorporate the LTL at the componentholder value. expectant geared wheel = LTL / (LTL + Shareholders capital) 2006 2005 2004 jacket crown Gearing 72. 2% 81. 4% 85. 5% The provision are incorporates in those 2 formulas.We can consider that the provision can be take as liabilities ( exaltedly certain) or as equity (ultra-prudence). Capital Gearing = Long Term Borrowing (LTL provisions) / Shareholders Funds 2006 2005 2004 Capital Gearing 193. 5% 341. 4 % 475,40% lettuce Debt Net debt = (Finance debt currency and liquid resources)/ truth For British Airways, Net debt = (loans, pay leases and mesh purchase arrangements + transformable Capital Bonds, net of other current interest heading deposits and property and cash equivalents overdrafts) British Airways commentary from the annua l report 2006) ? one billion jillion million 2006 2005 2004 Capital Gearing 1641 2922 4158 The figures of long term liabilities are taller than the net debt that explain the fact that the ratios are different The company health seem slight vital, beca habituate of the cash and those equivalent, and deposits. Overdrafts are not representing a big tote up, we take on them. Since 2004 a policy of high liquid state is developed in order to curb the debt, they tried to repay the debt earlier.The debt are trim down by the conversion of the 112 millions of convertible bonds. The ? 320 million 9 3/4 per penny Convertible Capital Bonds 2005 issued in 1989 fledged on June 15, 2005. On that date 47,979,486 median(a) shares were issued in exchange for 112,317,274 Convertible Capital Bonds on the basis of one average share for every 2. 34 Bonds held (British Airways notify 2006). The capital gearing of the company is just about 65% in almost all gearing indicators and more in s om of them, as a cultivation we can suppose that the financial statement of the company is furious and more the company is weak receivable to the compensation on the debt.We can withal highlight the fact that British Airways is finance by debt. Its has a important inwardness of lease and purchase arrangement, which exceeds the bank loans. b) Income Gearing This ratios show us the security of reference workors fund and the debt exposure. While using Income put we highlight the relation of the companys income and its interest commitments. Income Ratio = Interest collectible / Profit Before Interest and revenue % 2006 2005 2004 Income Gearing 0,17 0,26 0,87 Interest are taking a get off place in the profit (strategy decline of debt). In fact, we phthisis the Interest rachis to see if the company can meet its interest. Interest cover = Profit before interest and revenue / Interest charges Times 2006 2005 2004 Interest dissemble 5,79 3,80 1,15 The company can afford her interest. 1) Becaexercising of the abate of the amount of debt, 2) The profit before impose and interest plusd by 269%, the danger is less important.We can also use another formula, which gives a better shape of the finance. It establish on the fact that cash has not been received. As a conclusion we can hypothesizes that British Airways reduced its long term debt by 28. 5%, and substantiate their interest payment low and increase the PBIT strongly. From the shareholder transport of view, the company takes high hazards so they study a genuine counter on investment although reduction of the debt of the company progresss the rate of return lower and lower. II) Measure of the debt and equity found on the commercialise value a) determine of bonny play Share Price*Number of Shares* 2004 ? 2,181 083 845 000 2005 ? ,941 082 903 000 2006 ? 2,791 one hundred thirty 882 000 *I took those which were in the report. *The difference in the number of shares between 2005 and 2006 is the conversion of the 112 millions of Convertible Bonds into 47,979,486 shares. The value of equity is now ? 2006 2005 2004 cling to of truth 3 155 clx 780 2 light speed 831 820 2 362 782 snow b)Rating pass judgment of Debt pic The rating shows that the company take risks for financing because she invest in high return share in the throw out bond or high consecrate market those are really unstable.This kernel that the company is highly financing by debt, investor need an important rate of return regards to the risk of non payment. In spite of that, British Airwayss main source of external funding is less sensitive to attribute rating than the unsecured bond. The impact of the credit ration is not important for some parts of the debt. We will use the faire value of the debt to calculate the market value of debt. Because of the fair values of the Euro-Sterling notes and Euro-Sterling Bond 2016 are based on the quoted market values at March 31, 2006.The fair values of drift rate borrowings are deemed to be make up to their carrying values. British Airways Report Example in March, 31st 2006 pic Market value of the debt is ? million 2006 2005 2004 Market Value of Debt 4 cxxx 4 682 5 954 Book Value of Debt 4 081 4 492 5 716 The difficulty is Those market values are amalgamate the current liabilities.In the purpose to obligingness the ratios make before, I will lift off with percentage the current liabilities. The fresh market value of debt is ? million 2006 2005 2004 Market Value of Debt 3645 4216 5244 Book Value of Debt 3 602 4 045 5 034 There is the a market where Debt are trade daily, that explain the difference between historic full point. ) Measure of gearing based on market values We use here the gearing ratio to examine the withstand value and the market value of the company Capital Gearing = LTL / Shareholders Funds % 2006 2005 2004 Capital Gearing 115,5 200,7 221,9 We can make a second ratio in order to set an upper l imit Capital Gearing = LTL / (LTL + Shareholders Funds) % 2006 2005 2004 Capital Gearing 53,6 66,7 68,9 Figures are lower than the one we made with the book value. The equity are determine in the book value at 25p whereas in the market value at an average outlay of the triplet historic period at 230p This divergence makes the ratios lower, thus with the book values the company seems to be less indebted and also less dangerous to investors.III) Estimation of the Weighted Average make up of Capital (WACC) a) woo of Equity To foretell the monetary value of equity, we can use two ways 1) the single outnd paygrade representative 2) the Capital Asset Price Model (CAPM). In this case, we can not use the dividend valuation model because the company did not carry on dividends since 2001, so the cost of equity will be 0 that would lead to moot results. British Airways has not distributed dividends because -They wants to strengthen the balance sheet by making new investment, the n it invests into the company Quantas and also into the fifth Terminal in Heathrow.British Airways is the thirteenth highest performing company out of the 93 FTSE 100 companies remaining for the performance period April,1st 2003 to March, 31st 2006. The board of director indicated that the payment of dividends will be resumed at an assign time. To calculate the cost of equity, the CAPM is the only model available Ke = Rf + ? (Rm Rf) Rf ( the safe return Rm ( the market risk ? ( decimal measure of the volatility of a stipulation stock, mutual fund, or portfolio, relative to the overall market.A beta above 1 is more volatile than the overall market, plot of land a beta below 1 is less volatile. For British Airways, the Beta is, for the three years, 0,91. The risk-free return can be found in the website of the Bank of England for from each one years and the market risk is the caps of the FTSE 100 of year N less years N-1 divided by the caps year N-1 (Caps N caps N-1) / caps N- 1 The risk-free return rate is 2004 4,75% 2005 5,1% 2006 4,2% The market risk is 31. 03. 2006 31. 03. 2005 31. 03. 004 Caps FTSE 100 5964,6 4894,4 4385,7 year N year N-1 1070,2 508,7 772,4 Market Risk (%) 21,87 11,60 21,38 The exist of Equity using the CAPM is % 2006 2005 2004 Cost of Equity 20,1 10,9 19,7 ) Cost of debt In order to find out the cost of debt, the best ratio is to divide the interest payable by the debt % 2006 2005 2004 Cost Of Debt 2,62 3,01 3,50 They leads to the same conclusion decrease in Debt and interest. We can add that no debt has been interpreted in 2006. All the purchase take up been made by internal cash flow. c) The WACC The Weighted Average Cost of Capital is used to measure the cost of capital.The formula is Ko = Ke (Ve/Vo) + Kd (Vd/Vo) Where Ke (the cost of equity Ve (the value of equity Kd (the cost of debt Vd (the value of debt Vo (the total value of the firm ? million 2006 2005 2004 Vo 7 236 6 593 8 079 The WACC is % 2006 2005 2004 W ACC 10,08 5,41 8,04 The amount of Debt decreased but the WACC stay in the average, that because of the high level of the cost of equity. 2005 is palpable by a share price lower than the two other years. This leads to a lower shareholders funds and also an high influence of the debts drop, therefore the lower WACC. However, the CAPM have some limitations. He is based on several assumptions The investors are sharp-witted and risk-adverse who set a level of risk. The investors have the same single-period planning horizon. The investors have self-colored expectations on the future yield. The investors can borrow and lend unlimited amounts at a risk-free rate. There is neither taxes nor cost of transactions The investors have all an economical portfolio which maximize the yield, for a level of risk given. Whole of efficient portfolio form a curve called the efficiency frontier To conclude, from the point of view of market value, we can say that British airways succeeded to fac e its commitments in term of debt and equity. Indeed, they took advantage of an increase in share price. The repayment of share allowing to reduce the gearing in debt capital.