DNA and common elements :: Biology

Biology Topic thirdChemical elementselement FunctionProkaryotesPlants animalsSulphurproteinsproteinsProteinsCalcium Flagella movementForms cellphone plate during cytokinesisShells, bones, vesicle fusionPhosphorusNucleic acids and adenosine triphosphateNucleic acids and ATPNucleic acids and ATPironCytochrome- utilize in respirationCytochromes-used in reparationCytochromes used in mitochondria respiration, haemoglobin SodiumMain cation in cytoplasm infection of nerve impulses Water-Polar molecule-Oxygen has slight forbid charge-Hydrogen has slight positive charge-Opposite charges draw-This forms hydrogen bonds-This is called cohesion-Water rear store lots of modify -Water can dissolve new(prenominal) polar molecules-Other substances can form ions in water and dissolveOrganisms and properties of water-Can be used as a coolant because it requires a lot of free energy to hanging the hydrogen bonds to go from liquid to gaseous state-Is a close medium for metabolic reactions due to the fact it is a good resultant role due to its polarity. Watery cytoplasm dissolve substances and metabolic reactions can live with place easily. -Water can be a good express substance due to its high specific heat. Cohesion is the forming of hydrogen bonds and hydrolysis is the geological fault of hydrogen bonds.Organic and inorganic compounds-Organic compounds are those that contain ascorbic acid and are found in living organisms.-They do not involve snowates, hydrogencarbonates and oxides of carbon.Identifying Ribose and Glucose-Ring social organization-One carbon outside the ring-CnH2nOn with n = 5 for ribose and n = six for glucose-Each carbon has four bonds-Eachs carbon has an Oh bond and an H bond.Identifying Amino acids-Nitrogen is the key atom- twenty amino acids used as proteins-They all have the same structure of The R is changeable and can be any of many polar things.Identifying Fatty Acids-At one end is CH3 group and at the other COOH or carboxylic acid group-Between these is a spell of CH or CH2 groups. -Double bonds mean that the fatty acid is unsaturated-If in that respect are lots of double bonds then the fatty acid is called polyunsaturated.Identifying CarbohydratesMonosaccharides Glucose, Galactose, fruit sugarDisaccharides Matose (glucose + glucose), Lactose (glucose + galactose), Sucrose (glucose + fructose) Polysaccharides Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose. All from poly-glucoseIn plants carbohydrates serve as an energy source and component of sucrose while it is also used to march on cell walls and transport thingsIn animals it is broken down to produce energy, and is a sugar in milk and used as an energy store.